Add glossaries for coding insights

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -159,6 +159,9 @@ Types of change:
 - [Python Data Analysis - Creating Your First Notebook - Add missing identifiers](https://github.com/enkidevs/curriculum/pull/2713)
 - [Python - Calling Functions - Improve readability](https://github.com/enkidevs/curriculum/pull/2705)
 
+### Added
+- [Python & Javascript - Glossary - Add glossary on for, while, if and function creation](https://github.com/enkidevs/curriculum/pull/2708)
+
 ## May 12th 2021
 
 ### Fixed

glossary/javascript/js-for-loop.md

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# For
+
+A `for` loop is used when you want to execute a piece of code a specified number of times.
+
+
+```javascript
+// Create variable i, set the condition to "as long as i is less than 3", increase i by 1 after every loop cycle
+for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+  // Code that is executed on every cycle
+  console.log("The current value of i is", i, ".");
+}
+```

glossary/javascript/js-function-creation.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Function
+
+Functions are pieces of code designed for a particular task.
+
+Functions are executed by performing a function call.
+
+```javascript
+function addition(x, y) {
+  return x + y;   // Returns the sum of x and y
+}
+
+// Function called with values for x and y
+addition(11, 3);
+```

glossary/javascript/js-if-else.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# If & if-else
+
+An `if` is a conditional statement that executes a piece of code if the condition is `true`.
+
+An `else` statement is used after the `if` and it executes the code if the `if` condition evaluates to `false`.
+
+`if-else` statements can be chained.
+
+```javascript
+let number = 3;
+
+if (number > 3) {
+  console.log(number, "is greater than 3");
+} else if (number < 3) {
+    console.log(number, "is smaller than 3");
+} else {
+  console.log(number, "is equal to 3");
+}
+```

glossary/javascript/js-while-loop.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# While
+
+A `while` loop is used when you want to execute a piece of code repeatedly.
+
+```javascript
+let number = 0;
+
+// while (condition) is true
+while (number < 5) {
+  // Increase number by 1
+  number++;
+
+  // Output current value of number
+  console.log(number);
+}
+```

glossary/python/python-for-in-range.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# For & range()
+
+You can use `range()` with a `for..in` loop to cycle through a specified range.
+
+```python
+# For every number in the range 1 to 6 (1 included, 6 excluded)
+for number in range(1, 6):
+  # number to the power of number
+  print(number ** number)
+```
+
+Which gives the output:
+```plain-text
+1
+4
+27
+256
+3125
+```

glossary/python/python-for-in.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# For...in
+
+A `for...in` loop is used when you want to iterate over a list, tuple, dictionary, and so on.
+
+```python
+numbers = [1, 3, 2, 5, 9, 4, 7]
+
+for num in numbers:
+  print(num)
+```
+
+The output looks like this:
+```plain-text
+1
+3
+2
+5
+9
+4
+7
+```

glossary/python/python-function-creation.md

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Function
+
+Functions are pieces of code designed for a particular task.
+
+Functions are executed by performing a function call.
+
+```python
+def addition(x, y):
+  return x + y # Returns the sum of x and y
+
+# Function called with values for x and y
+addition(11, 3)
+```

glossary/python/python-if-elif.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# If else
+
+An `if` is a conditional statement that executes a piece of code if the condition is `true`.
+
+An `else` statement is used after the `if` and it executes the code if the `if` condition evaluates to `false`.
+
+`if-else` statements can be chained.
+
+```python
+number = 3
+
+if (number > 3):
+  print("number is greater than", number)
+elif (number < 3):
+  print("number is smaller than", number)
+else:
+  print("number is equal to", number)
+```

glossary/python/python-while-loop.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# While
+
+A `while` loop is used when you want to execute a piece of code repeatedly.
+
+```python
+# Ask user for input
+number = int(input("Enter a number: "))
+
+product = 2
+counter = 1
+
+while counter <= number:
+  # Multiply product by itself
+  product *= product 
+  # Increase counter
+  counter = counter+1
+
+print("The product is", product)
+```