Sometimes it is desirable to take a value of a type that is not assignable-to a location, and convert the value to a type that is assignable-to the type of the location. This is accomplished through coercion of the value. Coercion takes a value of a particular type and a desired type and attempts to create a value of the desired type that has equivalent meaning to the original value. Coercion can result in representation change as well as type change; hence coercion does not necessarily preserve object identity.
There are two kinds of coercion: widening, which never loses information, and narrowing, in which information might be lost. An example of a widening coercion would be coercing a value that is a 32-bit signed integer to a value that is a 64-bit signed integer. An example of a narrowing coercion is the reverse: coercing a 64-bit signed integer to a 32-bit signed integer. Programming languages often implement widening coercions as implicit conversions, whereas narrowing coercions usually require an explicit conversion.
Some coercion is built directly into the VES operations on the built-in types (see §I.12.1). All other coercion shall be explicitly requested. For the built-in types, the CTS provides operations to perform widening coercions with no runtime checks and narrowing coercions with runtime checks or truncation, according to the operation semantics.