[WASM] OpenCvSharp4.runtime.wasm fails to publish in .NET 9 when trimming and/or linking is enabled

[Riccorbypro]

Summary of your issue

When migrating from .NET 8 to .NET 9 in Blazor WebAssembly, the WASM runtime package for OpenCvSharp4 causes compile issues.

Environment

Blazor WebAssembly

What did you do when you faced the problem?

I was upgrading a project that uses OpenCvSharp to .NET 9 and encountered this issue. I have provided a minimal reproduction repository here: Riccorbypro/ReproRepo.OpenCvSharp.Blazor.Net9.Compile

Example code:

Note: No actual usage of the library is required, simply including the runtime package is enough to cause the error.

<PackageReference Include="OpenCvSharp4" Version="4.10.0.20241108"/>
<PackageReference Include="OpenCvSharp4.runtime.wasm" Version="4.10.0.20241108"/>

Output:

When publishing, the wasm compiler produces the following:

wasm-ld : error : Z:\Nuget\Packages\opencvsharp4.runtime.wasm\4.10.0.20241108\build\net6.0\..\..\runtimes\browser-wasm\2.0.23\OpenCvSharpExtern.a(libopencv.o): undefined symbol: std::__2::basic_string<char, std::__2::char_traits<char>, std::__2::allocator<char>>::__grow_by(unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long)
emcc : error : '"C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NET.Runtime.Emscripten.3.1.56.Sdk.win-x64\9.0.0\tools\bin\wasm-ld.exe" -o Z:\RiderProjects\OpenCvBlazorIssue\OpenCvBlazorIssue.Net9\obj\Release\net9.0\wasm\for-publish\dotnet.native.wasm Z:\Nuget\Packages\opencvsharp4.runtime.wasm\4.10.0.20241108\build\net6.0\..\..\runtimes\browser-wasm\2.0.23\OpenCvSharpExtern.a Z:\RiderProjects\OpenCvBlazorIssue\OpenCvBlazorIssue.Net9\obj\Release\net9.0\wasm\for-publish\pinvoke.o Z:\RiderProjects\OpenCvBlazorIssue\OpenCvBlazorIssue.Net9\obj\Release\net9.0\wasm\for-publish\driver.o Z:\RiderProjects\OpenCvBlazorIssue\OpenCvBlazorIssue.Net9\obj\Release\net9.0\wasm\for-publish\corebindings.o Z:\RiderProjects\OpenCvBlazorIssue\OpenCvBlazorIssue.Net9\obj\Release\net9.0\wasm\for-publish\runtime.o "C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.Mono.browser-wasm\9.0.0\runtimes\browser-wasm\native\libicudata.a" "C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.Mono.browser-wasm\9.0.0\runtimes\browser-wasm\native\libicui18n.a" "C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.Mono.browser-wasm\9.0.0\runtimes\browser-wasm\native\libicuuc.a" "C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.Mono.browser-wasm\9.0.0\runtimes\browser-wasm\native\libmono-component-debugger-stub-static.a" "C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.Mono.browser-wasm\9.0.0\runtimes\browser-wasm\native\libmono-component-diagnostics_tracing-stub-static.a" "C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.Mono.browser-wasm\9.0.0\runtimes\browser-wasm\native\libmono-component-hot_reload-stub-static.a" "C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.Mono.browser-wasm\9.0.0\runtimes\browser-wasm\native\libmono-component-marshal-ilgen-static.a" "C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.Mono.browser-wasm\9.0.0\runtimes\browser-wasm\native\libmono-ee-interp.a" "C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.Mono.browser-wasm\9.0.0\runtimes\browser-wasm\native\libmono-icall-table.a" "C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.Mono.browser-wasm\9.0.0\runtimes\browser-wasm\native\libmono-profiler-aot.a" "C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.Mono.browser-wasm\9.0.0\runtimes\browser-wasm\native\libmono-profiler-browser.a" "C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.Mono.browser-wasm\9.0.0\runtimes\browser-wasm\native\libmono-profiler-log.a" "C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.Mono.browser-wasm\9.0.0\runtimes\browser-wasm\native\libmono-wasm-eh-wasm.a" "C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.Mono.browser-wasm\9.0.0\runtimes\browser-wasm\native\libmono-wasm-simd.a" "C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.Mono.browser-wasm\9.0.0\runtimes\browser-wasm\native\libmonosgen-2.0.a" "C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.Mono.browser-wasm\9.0.0\runtimes\browser-wasm\native\libSystem.Globalization.Native.a" "C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.Mono.browser-wasm\9.0.0\runtimes\browser-wasm\native\libSystem.IO.Compression.Native.a" "C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.Mono.browser-wasm\9.0.0\runtimes\browser-wasm\native\libSystem.Native.a" "C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.Mono.browser-wasm\9.0.0\runtimes\browser-wasm\native\libz.a" "C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.Mono.browser-wasm\9.0.0\runtimes\browser-wasm\native\wasm-bundled-timezones.a" "-LC:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NET.Runtime.Emscripten.3.1.56.Cache.win-x64\9.0.0\tools\emscripten\cache\sysroot\lib\wasm32-emscripten" -lGL-getprocaddr -lal -lhtml5 -lbulkmemory -lstubs -lc -ldlmalloc -lcompiler_rt-wasm-sjlj -lc++-except -lc++abi-except -lunwind-except -lsockets -mllvm -combiner-global-alias-analysis=false -mllvm -wasm-enable-sjlj -mllvm -disable-lsr -mllvm -wasm-enable-eh -mllvm -exception-model=wasm C:\Users\ricco\AppData\Local\Temp\tmpihqoaynelibemscripten_js_symbols.so --export=free --export=htons --export=malloc --export=sbrk --export=memalign --export=memset --export=ntohs --export=stackAlloc --export=stackRestore --export=stackSave --export=fmod --export=atan2 --export=fma --export=pow --export=fmodf --export=atan2f --export=fmaf --export=powf --export=asin --export=asinh --export=acos --export=acosh --export=atan --export=atanh --export=cbrt --export=cos --export=cosh --export=exp --export=log --export=log2 --export=log10 --export=sin --export=sinh --export=tan --export=tanh --export=asinf --export=asinhf --export=acosf --export=acoshf --export=atanf --export=atanhf --export=cbrtf --export=cosf --export=coshf --export=expf --export=logf --export=log2f --export=log10f --export=sinf --export=sinhf --export=tanf --export=tanhf --export=stackAlloc --export=__funcs_on_exit --export=__trap --export=__cpp_exception --export=__wasm_call_ctors --export=__get_exception_message --export=free --export=stackSave --export=stackRestore --export=__thrown_object_from_unwind_exception --export=__cxa_increment_exception_refcount --export=__cxa_decrement_exception_refcount --export-if-defined=__start_em_asm --export-if-defined=__stop_em_asm --export-if-defined=__start_em_lib_deps --export-if-defined=__stop_em_lib_deps --export-if-defined=__start_em_js --export-if-defined=__stop_em_js --export-if-defined=fflush --export-table --growable-table -z stack-size=5242880 --max-memory=2147483648 --initial-memory=33554432 --no-entry --table-base=1 --global-base=1024' failed (returned 1)
C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NET.Runtime.WebAssembly.Sdk\9.0.0\Sdk\BrowserWasmApp.targets(494,5): error MSB3073: The command "emcc "@C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.Mono.browser-wasm\9.0.0\runtimes\browser-wasm\native\src\emcc-default.rsp" -msimd128 "@C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.Mono.browser-wasm\9.0.0\runtimes\browser-wasm\native\src\emcc-link.rsp" "@Z:\RiderProjects\OpenCvBlazorIssue\OpenCvBlazorIssue.Net9\obj\Release\net9.0\wasm\for-publish\emcc-link.rsp"" exited with code 1.
C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NET.Runtime.WebAssembly.Sdk\9.0.0\Sdk\BrowserWasmApp.targets(511,5): error : Use '-p:WasmAllowUndefinedSymbols=true' to allow undefined symbols

Following the advice to enable WasmAllowUndefinedSymbols does allow the build to complete in Debug mode, but attempting to compile in Release instead causes the following error:

EXEC : warning : undefined symbol: _ZNSt3__212basic_stringIcNS_11char_traitsIcEENS_9allocatorIcEEE9__grow_byEmmmmmm (referenced by root reference (e.g. compiled C/C++ code))
emcc : warning : warnings in JS library compilation [-Wjs-compiler]
C:\Program Files\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.NET.Runtime.WebAssembly.Sdk\9.0.0\Sdk\WasmApp.Common.targets(934,5): error MSB3073: The command "wasm-opt.exe --enable-simd --enable-exception-handling --enable-bulk-memory --enable-simd --strip-dwarf "Z:\RiderProjects\OpenCvBlazorIssue\OpenCvBlazorIssue.Net9\obj\Release\net9.0\wasm\for-publish\dotnet.native.wasm" -o "Z:\RiderProjects\OpenCvBlazorIssue\OpenCvBlazorIssue.Net9\obj\Release\net9.0\wasm\for-publish\dotnet.native.wasm"" exited with code 1.

What did you intend to be?

The project should compile and publish successfully under .NET9, as is currently the case in .NET8.