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README.md
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README.md

GDAL Docker images

This directory contains a number of Dockerfile for different configurations. Each directory contains a ./build.sh for convenient building of the image.

Note: the mention of the overall licensing terms of the GDAL build is to the best of our knowledge and not guaranteed. Users should check by themselves.

Alpine based

Alpine version:

  • 3.21 for GDAL 3.11
  • 3.20 for GDAL 3.10
  • 3.19 for GDAL 3.9
  • 3.18 for GDAL 3.8
  • 3.17 for GDAL 3.7
  • 3.16 for GDAL 3.6
  • 3.15 for GDAL 3.5

Small: ghcr.io/osgeo/gdal:alpine-small-latest

  • Image size: ~ 59 MB
  • Raster drivers: ultrasmall + built-in + SQLite-based ones + network-based ones
  • Vector drivers: ultrasmall + built-in + most XML-based ones + network-based ones + PostgreSQL
  • Using internal libtiff and libgeotiff
  • External libraries enabled: ultrasmall + libexpat, libpq, libssl
  • No GDAL Python
  • Base PROJ grid package (http://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-datumgrid-1.8.zip)
  • Overall licensing terms of the GDAL build: permissive (MIT, BSD style, Apache, etc..)

See alpine-small/Dockerfile

Normal: ghcr.io/osgeo/gdal:alpine-normal-latest

  • Image size: ~ 282 MB
  • Raster drivers: small + netCDF, HDF5, BAG
  • Vector drivers: small + Spatialite, XLS
  • Using internal libtiff and libgeotiff
  • External libraries enabled: small + libgeos, libhdf5, libhdf5, libkea, libnetcdf, libfreexl, libspatialite, libxml2, libkml, libpoppler, openexr, libheif, libdeflate, libparquet, libjxl
  • GDAL Python
  • Base PROJ grid package (http://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-datumgrid-1.8.zip)
  • Overall licensing terms of the GDAL build: copy-left (GPL) + LGPL + permissive

See alpine-normal/Dockerfile

Ubuntu based

Ubuntu version:

  • 24.04 for GDAL 3.9 and 3.10
  • 22.04 for GDAL 3.6, 3.7 and 3.8
  • 20.04 for GDAL 3.4 and 3.5

Small: ghcr.io/osgeo/gdal:ubuntu-small-latest

  • Image size: ~ 385 MB
  • Raster drivers: all built-in + JPEG + PNG + JP2OpenJPEG + WEBP +SQLite-based ones + network-based ones
  • Vector drivers: all built-in + XML based ones + SQLite-based ones + network-based ones + PostgreSQL
  • Using internal libtiff and libgeotiff
  • External libraries enabled: libsqlite3, libproj, libcurl, libjpeg, libpng, libwebp, libzstd, libdeflate, libexpat, libxerces-c, libpq, libssl, libgeos, libspatialite
  • GDAL Python (Python 3.8 for Ubuntu 20.04, Python 3.10 for Ubuntu 22.04, Python 3.12 for Ubuntu 24.04)
  • Base PROJ grid package (http://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-datumgrid-1.8.zip)
  • Overall licensing terms of the GDAL build: LGPL + permissive (MIT, BSD style, Apache, etc..)

See ubuntu-small/Dockerfile

Full: ghcr.io/osgeo/gdal:ubuntu-full-latest (aliased to osgeo/gdal)

  • Image size: ~ 1.48 GB
  • Raster drivers: all based on almost all possible free and open-source dependencies
  • Vector drivers: all based on almost all possible free and open-source dependencies
  • Using internal libtiff and libgeotiff
  • External libraries enabled: small + libnetcdf, libhdf4, libhdf5, libtiledb, libkea, mongocxx 3.4, libspatialite, unixodbc, libxml2, libcfitsio, libmysqlclient, libkml, libpoppler, pdfium, openexr, libheif, libdeflate, libparquet, libjxl
  • GDAL Python (Python 3.8 for Ubuntu 20.04, Python 3.10 for Ubuntu 22.04, Python 3.12 for Ubuntu 24.04)
  • All PROJ grid packages (equivalent of latest of proj-data-X.zip from http://download.osgeo.org/proj/ at time of generation, > 500 MB)
  • Overall licensing terms of the GDAL build: copy-left (GPL) + LGPL + permissive

See ubuntu-full/Dockerfile

Usage

Pull the required image and then run passing the gdal program you want to execute as a docker run command. Bind a volume from your local file system to the docker container to run gdal programs that accept a file argument. For example, binding -v /home:/home on Linux or -v /Users:/Users on Mac will allow you to reference files in your home directory by passing their full path. Use the docker --rm option to automatically remove the container when the run completes.

Note: you should not try to install GDAL (directly or indirectly through other packages that depend on it) with the package managing system (apt/apk) of the Linux distributions. It will conflict with the custom GDAL version provided by the Docker image and will likely result in a broken container.

Example:

docker pull ghcr.io/osgeo/gdal:alpine-small-latest
docker run --rm -v /home:/home ghcr.io/osgeo/gdal:alpine-small-latest gdalinfo $PWD/my.tif

Troubleshooting

If you are getting a <jemalloc>: arena 0 background thread creation failed (1) error message when running the osgeo/gdal[:ubuntu-full-XXXX] images on a Linux host with an old distribution (RHEL/CentOS 7), adding --privileged to the docker run command line should help (see OSGeo#6331)

Images of releases

Tagged images of recent past releases are available. The last ones (at time of writing) are for GDAL 3.10.0 and PROJ 9.5.0, for linux/amd64 and linux/arm64:

  • ghcr.io/osgeo/gdal:alpine-small-3.10.0
  • ghcr.io/osgeo/gdal:alpine-normal-3.10.0
  • ghcr.io/osgeo/gdal:ubuntu-small-3.10.0
  • ghcr.io/osgeo/gdal:ubuntu-full-3.10.0

Multi-arch Images

Each directory contains a build.sh shell script that supports building images for multiple platforms using an experimental feature called Docker BuildKit.

BuildKit CLI looks like docker buildx build vs. docker build and allows images to build not only for the architecture and operating system that the user invoking the build happens to run, but for others as well.

There is a small setup process depending on your operating system. Refer to Preparation toward running Docker on ARM Mac: Building multi-arch images with Docker BuildX.

Example Scenario

If you're running Docker for MacOS with an Intel CPU and you wanted to build the alpine-small image with support for Raspberry Pi 4, adding a couple flags when running alpine-small/build.sh can greatly simplify this process

Enabling

Use the two script flags in order to leverage BuildKit:

Flag Description Arguments
--with-multi-arch Will build using the buildx plugin N/A
--platform Which architectures to build linux/amd64,linux/arm64

Example

alpine-small/build.sh --with-multi-arch --release --gdal v3.2.0 --proj master --platform linux/arm64,linux/amd64

Custom Base Image

Override the base image, used to build and run gdal, by setting the environment variable: BASE_IMAGE

Example

BASE_IMAGE="debian:stable" ubuntu-small/build.sh --release --gdal v3.2.0 --proj master

Custom Image Names

Override the image and repository of the final image by setting the environment variable: TARGET_IMAGE

Example

TARGET_IMAGE="YOU_DOCKER_USERNAME/gdal" alpine-small/build.sh --release --gdal v3.2.0 --proj master

Drivers based on proprietary software development kits

For the ubuntu-full amd64 image,

  • The OCI and GeoRaster based drivers can be enabled by passing --with-oracle to util.sh
  • The ECW and JP2ECW drivers can be enabled by passing --with-ecw to util.sh
  • The MrSID driver can be enabled by passing --with-mrsid to util.sh

Note: those are not enabled in the official images provided by the project.