% rclone(1) User Manual % Nick Craig-Wood % Apr 18, 2016
Rclone is a command line program to sync files and directories to and from
- Google Drive
- Amazon S3
- Openstack Swift / Rackspace cloud files / Memset Memstore
- Dropbox
- Google Cloud Storage
- Amazon Cloud Drive
- Microsoft One Drive
- Hubic
- Backblaze B2
- Yandex Disk
- The local filesystem
Features
- MD5/SHA1 hashes checked at all times for file integrity
- Timestamps preserved on files
- Partial syncs supported on a whole file basis
- Copy mode to just copy new/changed files
- Sync (one way) mode to make a directory identical
- Check mode to check for file hash equality
- Can sync to and from network, eg two different cloud accounts
Links
Rclone is a Go program and comes as a single binary file.
Download the relevant binary.
Or alternatively if you have Go 1.5+ installed use
go get github.com/ncw/rclone
and this will build the binary in $GOPATH/bin. If you have built
rclone before then you will want to update its dependencies first with
this
go get -u -v github.com/ncw/rclone/...
See the Usage section of the docs for how to use rclone, or
run rclone -h.
unzip rclone-v1.17-linux-amd64.zip
cd rclone-v1.17-linux-amd64
#copy binary file
sudo cp rclone /usr/sbin/
sudo chown root:root /usr/sbin/rclone
sudo chmod 755 /usr/sbin/rclone
#install manpage
sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/share/man/man1
sudo cp rclone.1 /usr/local/share/man/man1/
sudo mandb
First you'll need to configure rclone. As the object storage systems
have quite complicated authentication these are kept in a config file
.rclone.conf in your home directory by default. (You can use the
--config option to choose a different config file.)
The easiest way to make the config is to run rclone with the config option:
rclone config
See the following for detailed instructions for
- Google drive
- Amazon S3
- Swift / Rackspace Cloudfiles / Memset Memstore
- Dropbox
- Google Cloud Storage
- Local filesystem
- Amazon Cloud Drive
- Backblaze B2
- Hubic
- Microsoft One Drive
- Yandex Disk
Rclone syncs a directory tree from one storage system to another.
Its syntax is like this
Syntax: [options] subcommand <parameters> <parameters...>
Source and destination paths are specified by the name you gave the storage system in the config file then the sub path, eg "drive:myfolder" to look at "myfolder" in Google drive.
You can define as many storage paths as you like in the config file.
Copy the source to the destination. Doesn't transfer unchanged files, testing by size and modification time or MD5SUM. Doesn't delete files from the destination.
Note that it is always the contents of the directory that is synced, not the directory so when source:path is a directory, it's the contents of source:path that are copied, not the directory name and contents.
If dest:path doesn't exist, it is created and the source:path contents go there.
For example
rclone copy source:sourcepath dest:destpath
Let's say there are two files in sourcepath
sourcepath/one.txt
sourcepath/two.txt
This copies them to
destpath/one.txt
destpath/two.txt
Not to
destpath/sourcepath/one.txt
destpath/sourcepath/two.txt
If you are familiar with rsync, rclone always works as if you had
written a trailing / - meaning "copy the contents of this directory".
This applies to all commands and whether you are talking about the
source or destination.
Sync the source to the destination, changing the destination only. Doesn't transfer unchanged files, testing by size and modification time or MD5SUM. Destination is updated to match source, including deleting files if necessary.
Important: Since this can cause data loss, test first with the
--dry-run flag to see exactly what would be copied and deleted.
Note that files in the destination won't be deleted if there were any errors at any point.
It is always the contents of the directory that is synced, not the
directory so when source:path is a directory, it's the contents of
source:path that are copied, not the directory name and contents. See
extended explanation in the copy command above if unsure.
If dest:path doesn't exist, it is created and the source:path contents go there.
Moves the source to the destination.
If there are no filters in use this is equivalent to a copy followed by a purge, but may using server side operations to speed it up if possible.
If filters are in use then it is equivalent to a copy followed by delete, followed by an rmdir (which only removes the directory if empty). The individual file moves will be moved with srver side operations if possible.
Important: Since this can cause data loss, test first with the --dry-run flag.
List all the objects in the the path with size and path.
List all directories/containers/buckets in the the path.
List all the objects in the the path with modification time, size and path.
Produces an md5sum file for all the objects in the path. This is in the same format as the standard md5sum tool produces.
Produces an sha1sum file for all the objects in the path. This is in the same format as the standard sha1sum tool produces.
Prints the total size of objects in remote:path and the number of objects.
Make the path if it doesn't already exist
Remove the path. Note that you can't remove a path with objects in it, use purge for that.
Remove the path and all of its contents. Note that this does not obey
include/exclude filters - everything will be removed. Use delete if
you want to selectively delete files.
Remove the contents of path. Unlike purge it obeys include/exclude
filters so can be used to selectively delete files.
Eg delete all files bigger than 100MBytes
Check what would be deleted first (use either)
rclone --min-size 100M lsl remote:path
rclone --dry-run --min-size 100M delete remote:path
Then delete
rclone --min-size 100M delete remote:path
That reads "delete everything with a minimum size of 100 MB", hence delete all files bigger than 100MBytes.
Checks the files in the source and destination match. It compares sizes and MD5SUMs and prints a report of files which don't match. It doesn't alter the source or destination.
--size-only may be used to only compare the sizes, not the MD5SUMs.
By default dedup interactively finds duplicate files and offers to
delete all but one or rename them to be different. Only useful with
Google Drive which can have duplicate file names.
The dedupe command will delete all but one of any identical (same
md5sum) files it finds without confirmation. This means that for most
duplicated files the dedupe command will not be interactive. You
can use --dry-run to see what would happen without doing anything.
Here is an example run.
Before - with duplicates
$ rclone lsl drive:dupes
6048320 2016-03-05 16:23:16.798000000 one.txt
6048320 2016-03-05 16:23:11.775000000 one.txt
564374 2016-03-05 16:23:06.731000000 one.txt
6048320 2016-03-05 16:18:26.092000000 one.txt
6048320 2016-03-05 16:22:46.185000000 two.txt
1744073 2016-03-05 16:22:38.104000000 two.txt
564374 2016-03-05 16:22:52.118000000 two.txt
Now the dedupe session
$ rclone dedupe drive:dupes
2016/03/05 16:24:37 Google drive root 'dupes': Looking for duplicates using interactive mode.
one.txt: Found 4 duplicates - deleting identical copies
one.txt: Deleting 2/3 identical duplicates (md5sum "1eedaa9fe86fd4b8632e2ac549403b36")
one.txt: 2 duplicates remain
1: 6048320 bytes, 2016-03-05 16:23:16.798000000, md5sum 1eedaa9fe86fd4b8632e2ac549403b36
2: 564374 bytes, 2016-03-05 16:23:06.731000000, md5sum 7594e7dc9fc28f727c42ee3e0749de81
s) Skip and do nothing
k) Keep just one (choose which in next step)
r) Rename all to be different (by changing file.jpg to file-1.jpg)
s/k/r> k
Enter the number of the file to keep> 1
one.txt: Deleted 1 extra copies
two.txt: Found 3 duplicates - deleting identical copies
two.txt: 3 duplicates remain
1: 564374 bytes, 2016-03-05 16:22:52.118000000, md5sum 7594e7dc9fc28f727c42ee3e0749de81
2: 6048320 bytes, 2016-03-05 16:22:46.185000000, md5sum 1eedaa9fe86fd4b8632e2ac549403b36
3: 1744073 bytes, 2016-03-05 16:22:38.104000000, md5sum 851957f7fb6f0bc4ce76be966d336802
s) Skip and do nothing
k) Keep just one (choose which in next step)
r) Rename all to be different (by changing file.jpg to file-1.jpg)
s/k/r> r
two-1.txt: renamed from: two.txt
two-2.txt: renamed from: two.txt
two-3.txt: renamed from: two.txt
The result being
$ rclone lsl drive:dupes
6048320 2016-03-05 16:23:16.798000000 one.txt
564374 2016-03-05 16:22:52.118000000 two-1.txt
6048320 2016-03-05 16:22:46.185000000 two-2.txt
1744073 2016-03-05 16:22:38.104000000 two-3.txt
Dedupe can be run non interactively using the --dedupe-mode flag.
--dedupe-mode interactive- interactive as above.--dedupe-mode skip- removes identical files then skips anything left.--dedupe-mode first- removes identical files then keeps the first one.--dedupe-mode newest- removes identical files then keeps the newest one.--dedupe-mode oldest- removes identical files then keeps the oldest one.--dedupe-mode rename- removes identical files then renames the rest to be different.
For example to rename all the identically named photos in your Google Photos directory, do
rclone dedupe --dedupe-mode rename "drive:Google Photos"
Enter an interactive configuration session.
Prints help on rclone commands and options.
Drive, S3, Dropbox, Swift and Google Cloud Storage support server side copy.
This means if you want to copy one folder to another then rclone won't download all the files and re-upload them; it will instruct the server to copy them in place.
Eg
rclone copy s3:oldbucket s3:newbucket
Will copy the contents of oldbucket to newbucket without
downloading and re-uploading.
Remotes which don't support server side copy (eg local) will download and re-upload in this case.
Server side copies are used with sync and copy and will be
identified in the log when using the -v flag.
Server side copies will only be attempted if the remote names are the same.
This can be used when scripting to make aged backups efficiently, eg
rclone sync remote:current-backup remote:previous-backup
rclone sync /path/to/files remote:current-backup
Rclone has a number of options to control its behaviour.
Options which use TIME use the go time parser. A duration string is a possibly signed sequence of decimal numbers, each with optional fraction and a unit suffix, such as "300ms", "-1.5h" or "2h45m". Valid time units are "ns", "us" (or "µs"), "ms", "s", "m", "h".
Options which use SIZE use kByte by default. However a suffix of k
for kBytes, M for MBytes and G for GBytes may be used. These are
the binary units, eg 2**10, 2**20, 2**30 respectively.
Bandwidth limit in kBytes/s, or use suffix k|M|G. The default is 0
which means to not limit bandwidth.
For example to limit bandwidth usage to 10 MBytes/s use --bwlimit 10M
This only limits the bandwidth of the data transfer, it doesn't limit the bandwith of the directory listings etc.
The number of checkers to run in parallel. Checkers do the equality checking of files during a sync. For some storage systems (eg s3, swift, dropbox) this can take a significant amount of time so they are run in parallel.
The default is to run 8 checkers in parallel.
Normally rclone will look at modification time and size of files to see if they are equal. If you set this flag then rclone will check the file hash and size to determine if files are equal.
This is useful when the remote doesn't support setting modified time and a more accurate sync is desired than just checking the file size.
This is very useful when transferring between remotes which store the same hash type on the object, eg Drive and Swift. For details of which remotes support which hash type see the table in the overview section.
Eg rclone --checksum sync s3:/bucket swift:/bucket would run much
quicker than without the --checksum flag.
When using this flag, rclone won't update mtimes of remote files if they are incorrect as it would normally.
Specify the location of the rclone config file. Normally this is in
your home directory as a file called .rclone.conf. If you run
rclone -h and look at the help for the --config option you will
see where the default location is for you. Use this flag to override
the config location, eg rclone --config=".myconfig" .config.
Set the connection timeout. This should be in go time format which
looks like 5s for 5 seconds, 10m for 10 minutes, or 3h30m.
The connection timeout is the amount of time rclone will wait for a
connection to go through to a remote object storage system. It is
1m by default.
Mode to run dedupe command in. One of interactive, skip, first, newest, oldest, rename. The default is interactive. See the dedupe command for more information as to what these options mean.
Do a trial run with no permanent changes. Use this to see what rclone
would do without actually doing it. Useful when setting up the sync
command which deletes files in the destination.
Using this option will make rclone unconditionally skip all files that exist on the destination, no matter the content of these files.
While this isn't a generally recommended option, it can be useful in cases where your files change due to encryption. However, it cannot correct partial transfers in case a transfer was interrupted.
Using this option will cause rclone to unconditionally upload all files regardless of the state of files on the destination.
Normally rclone would skip any files that have the same
modification time and are the same size (or have the same checksum if
using --checksum).
Log all of rclone's output to FILE. This is not active by default.
This can be useful for tracking down problems with syncs in
combination with the -v flag.
This controls the number of low level retries rclone does.
A low level retry is used to retry a failing operation - typically one
HTTP request. This might be uploading a chunk of a big file for
example. You will see low level retries in the log with the -v
flag.
This shouldn't need to be changed from the default in normal
operations, however if you get a lot of low level retries you may wish
to reduce the value so rclone moves on to a high level retry (see the
--retries flag) quicker.
Disable low level retries with --low-level-retries 1.
When checking whether a file has been modified, this is the maximum allowed time difference that a file can have and still be considered equivalent.
The default is 1ns unless this is overridden by a remote. For
example OS X only stores modification times to the nearest second so
if you are reading and writing to an OS X filing system this will be
1s by default.
This command line flag allows you to override that computed default.
Don't set Accept-Encoding: gzip. This means that rclone won't ask
the server for compressed files automatically. Useful if you've set
the server to return files with Content-Encoding: gzip but you
uploaded compressed files.
There is no need to set this in normal operation, and doing so will decrease the network transfer efficiency of rclone.
Normally rclone outputs stats and a completion message. If you set this flag it will make as little output as possible.
Retry the entire sync if it fails this many times it fails (default 3).
Some remotes can be unreliable and a few retries helps pick up the files which didn't get transferred because of errors.
Disable retries with --retries 1.
Normally rclone will look at modification time and size of files to see if they are equal. If you set this flag then rclone will check only the size.
This can be useful transferring files from dropbox which have been modified by the desktop sync client which doesn't set checksums of modification times in the same way as rclone.
When using this flag, rclone won't update mtimes of remote files if they are incorrect as it would normally.
Rclone will print stats at regular intervals to show its progress.
This sets the interval.
The default is 1m. Use 0 to disable.
This option allows you to specify when files on your destination are deleted when you sync folders.
Specifying the value --delete-before will delete all files present on the
destination, but not on the source before starting the transfer
of any new or updated files.
Specifying --delete-during (default value) will delete files while checking
and uploading files. This is usually the fastest option.
Specifying --delete-after will delay deletion of files until all new/updated
files have been successfully transfered.
This sets the IO idle timeout. If a transfer has started but then becomes idle for this long it is considered broken and disconnected.
The default is 5m. Set to 0 to disable.
The number of file transfers to run in parallel. It can sometimes be useful to set this to a smaller number if the remote is giving a lot of timeouts or bigger if you have lots of bandwidth and a fast remote.
The default is to run 4 file transfers in parallel.
This forces rclone to skip any files which exist on the destination and have a modified time that is newer than the source file.
If an existing destination file has a modification time equal (within the computed modify window precision) to the source file's, it will be updated if the sizes are different.
On remotes which don't support mod time directly the time checked will be the uploaded time. This means that if uploading to one of these remoes, rclone will skip any files which exist on the destination and have an uploaded time that is newer than the modification time of the source file.
This can be useful when transferring to a remote which doesn't support
mod times directly as it is more accurate than a --size-only check
and faster than using --checksum.
If you set this flag, rclone will become very verbose telling you about every file it considers and transfers.
Very useful for debugging.
Prints the version number
Your configuration file contains information for logging in to
your cloud services. This means that you should keep your
.rclone.conf file in a secure location.
If you are in an environment where that isn't possible, you can add a password to your configuration. This means that you will have to enter the password every time you start rclone.
To add a password to your rclone configuration, execute rclone config.
>rclone config
Current remotes:
e) Edit existing remote
n) New remote
d) Delete remote
s) Set configuration password
q) Quit config
e/n/d/s/q>
Go into s, Set configuration password:
e/n/d/s/q> s
Your configuration is not encrypted.
If you add a password, you will protect your login information to cloud services.
a) Add Password
q) Quit to main menu
a/q> a
Enter NEW configuration password:
password>
Confirm NEW password:
password>
Password set
Your configuration is encrypted.
c) Change Password
u) Unencrypt configuration
q) Quit to main menu
c/u/q>
Your configuration is now encrypted, and every time you start rclone you will now be asked for the password. In the same menu you can change the password or completely remove encryption from your configuration.
There is no way to recover the configuration if you lose your password.
rclone uses nacl secretbox which in term uses XSalsa20 and Poly1305 to encrypt and authenticate your configuration with secret-key cryptography. The password is SHA-256 hashed, which produces the key for secretbox. The hashed password is not stored.
While this provides very good security, we do not recommend storing your encrypted rclone configuration in public, if it contains sensitive information, maybe except if you use a very strong password.
If it is safe in your environment, you can set the RCLONE_CONFIG_PASS
environment variable to contain your password, in which case it will be
used for decrypting the configuration.
If you are running rclone inside a script, you might want to disable
password prompts. To do that, pass the parameter
--ask-password=false to rclone. This will make rclone fail instead
of asking for a password, if if RCLONE_CONFIG_PASS doesn't contain
a valid password.
These options are useful when developing or debugging rclone. There
are also some more remote specific options which aren't documented
here which are used for testing. These start with remote name eg
--drive-test-option - see the docs for the remote in question.
Write CPU profile to file. This can be analysed with go tool pprof.
Dump HTTP headers and bodies - may contain sensitive info. Can be very verbose. Useful for debugging only.
Dump the filters to the output. Useful to see exactly what include and exclude options are filtering on.
Dump HTTP headers - may contain sensitive info. Can be very verbose. Useful for debugging only.
Write memory profile to file. This can be analysed with go tool pprof.
--no-check-certificate controls whether a client verifies the
server's certificate chain and host name.
If --no-check-certificate is true, TLS accepts any certificate
presented by the server and any host name in that certificate.
In this mode, TLS is susceptible to man-in-the-middle attacks.
This option defaults to false.
This should be used only for testing.
For the filtering options
--delete-excluded--filter--filter-from--exclude--exclude-from--include--include-from--files-from--min-size--max-size--min-age--max-age--dump-filters
See the filtering section.
If any errors occurred during the command, rclone will set a non zero exit code. This allows scripts to detect when rclone operations have failed.
Some of the configurations (those involving oauth2) require an Internet connected web browser.
If you are trying to set rclone up on a remote or headless box with no browser available on it (eg a NAS or a server in a datacenter) then you will need to use an alternative means of configuration. There are two ways of doing it, described below.
On the headless box
...
Remote config
Use auto config?
* Say Y if not sure
* Say N if you are working on a remote or headless machine
y) Yes
n) No
y/n> n
For this to work, you will need rclone available on a machine that has a web browser available.
Execute the following on your machine:
rclone authorize "amazon cloud drive"
Then paste the result below:
result>
Then on your main desktop machine
rclone authorize "amazon cloud drive"
If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
Log in and authorize rclone for access
Waiting for code...
Got code
Paste the following into your remote machine --->
SECRET_TOKEN
<---End paste
Then back to the headless box, paste in the code
result> SECRET_TOKEN
--------------------
[acd12]
client_id =
client_secret =
token = SECRET_TOKEN
--------------------
y) Yes this is OK
e) Edit this remote
d) Delete this remote
y/e/d>
Rclone stores all of its config in a single configuration file. This can easily be copied to configure a remote rclone.
So first configure rclone on your desktop machine
rclone config
to set up the config file.
Find the config file by running rclone -h and looking for the help for the --config option
$ rclone -h
[snip]
--config="/home/user/.rclone.conf": Config file.
[snip]
Now transfer it to the remote box (scp, cut paste, ftp, sftp etc) and
place it in the correct place (use rclone -h on the remote box to
find out where).
Rclone has a sophisticated set of include and exclude rules. Some of these are based on patterns and some on other things like file size.
The filters are applied for the copy, sync, move, ls, lsl,
md5sum, sha1sum, size, delete and check operations.
Note that purge does not obey the filters.
Each path as it passes through rclone is matched against the include
and exclude rules like --include, --exclude, --include-from,
--exclude-from, --filter, or --filter-from. The simplest way to
try them out is using the ls command, or --dry-run together with
-v.
The patterns used to match files for inclusion or exclusion are based on "file globs" as used by the unix shell.
If the pattern starts with a / then it only matches at the top level
of the directory tree, relative to the root of the remote.
If it doesn't start with / then it is matched starting at the
end of the path, but it will only match a complete path element:
file.jpg - matches "file.jpg"
- matches "directory/file.jpg"
- doesn't match "afile.jpg"
- doesn't match "directory/afile.jpg"
/file.jpg - matches "file.jpg" in the root directory of the remote
- doesn't match "afile.jpg"
- doesn't match "directory/file.jpg"
Important Note that you must use / in patterns and not \ even
if running on Windows.
A * matches anything but not a /.
*.jpg - matches "file.jpg"
- matches "directory/file.jpg"
- doesn't match "file.jpg/something"
Use ** to match anything, including slashes (/).
dir/** - matches "dir/file.jpg"
- matches "dir/dir1/dir2/file.jpg"
- doesn't match "directory/file.jpg"
- doesn't match "adir/file.jpg"
A ? matches any character except a slash /.
l?ss - matches "less"
- matches "lass"
- doesn't match "floss"
A [ and ] together make a a character class, such as [a-z] or
[aeiou] or [[:alpha:]]. See the go regexp
docs for more info on these.
h[ae]llo - matches "hello"
- matches "hallo"
- doesn't match "hullo"
A { and } define a choice between elements. It should contain a
comma seperated list of patterns, any of which might match. These
patterns can contain wildcards.
{one,two}_potato - matches "one_potato"
- matches "two_potato"
- doesn't match "three_potato"
- doesn't match "_potato"
Special characters can be escaped with a \ before them.
\*.jpg - matches "*.jpg"
\\.jpg - matches "\.jpg"
\[one\].jpg - matches "[one].jpg"
Rclone implements bash style {a,b,c} glob matching which rsync doesn't.
Rclone ignores / at the end of a pattern.
Rclone always does a wildcard match so \ must always escape a \.
Rclone maintains a list of include rules and exclude rules.
Each file is matched in order against the list until it finds a match. The file is then included or excluded according to the rule type.
If the matcher falls off the bottom of the list then the path is included.
For example given the following rules, + being include, - being
exclude,
- secret*.jpg
+ *.jpg
+ *.png
+ file2.avi
- *
This would include
file1.jpgfile3.pngfile2.avi
This would exclude
secret17.jpg- non
*.jpgand*.png
Filtering rules are added with the following command line flags.
Add a single exclude rule with --exclude.
Eg --exclude *.bak to exclude all bak files from the sync.
Add exclude rules from a file.
Prepare a file like this exclude-file.txt
# a sample exclude rule file
*.bak
file2.jpg
Then use as --exclude-from exclude-file.txt. This will sync all
files except those ending in bak and file2.jpg.
This is useful if you have a lot of rules.
Add a single include rule with --include.
Eg --include *.{png,jpg} to include all png and jpg files in the
backup and no others.
This adds an implicit --exclude * at the very end of the filter
list. This means you can mix --include and --include-from with the
other filters (eg --exclude) but you must include all the files you
want in the include statement. If this doesn't provide enough
flexibility then you must use --filter-from.
Add include rules from a file.
Prepare a file like this include-file.txt
# a sample include rule file
*.jpg
*.png
file2.avi
Then use as --include-from include-file.txt. This will sync all
jpg, png files and file2.avi.
This is useful if you have a lot of rules.
This adds an implicit --exclude * at the very end of the filter
list. This means you can mix --include and --include-from with the
other filters (eg --exclude) but you must include all the files you
want in the include statement. If this doesn't provide enough
flexibility then you must use --filter-from.
This can be used to add a single include or exclude rule. Include
rules start with + and exclude rules start with - . A special
rule called ! can be used to clear the existing rules.
Eg --filter "- *.bak" to exclude all bak files from the sync.
Add include/exclude rules from a file.
Prepare a file like this filter-file.txt
# a sample exclude rule file
- secret*.jpg
+ *.jpg
+ *.png
+ file2.avi
# exclude everything else
- *
Then use as --filter-from filter-file.txt. The rules are processed
in the order that they are defined.
This example will include all jpg and png files, exclude any files
matching secret*.jpg and include file2.avi. Everything else will
be excluded from the sync.
This reads a list of file names from the file passed in and only these files are transferred. The filtering rules are ignored completely if you use this option.
Prepare a file like this files-from.txt
# comment
file1.jpg
file2.jpg
Then use as --files-from files-from.txt. This will only transfer
file1.jpg and file2.jpg providing they exist.
This option controls the minimum size file which will be transferred.
This defaults to kBytes but a suffix of k, M, or G can be
used.
For example --min-size 50k means no files smaller than 50kByte will be
transferred.
This option controls the maximum size file which will be transferred.
This defaults to kBytes but a suffix of k, M, or G can be
used.
For example --max-size 1G means no files larger than 1GByte will be
transferred.
This option controls the maximum age of files to transfer. Give in seconds or with a suffix of:
ms- Millisecondss- Secondsm- Minutesh- Hoursd- Daysw- WeeksM- Monthsy- Years
For example --max-age 2d means no files older than 2 days will be
transferred.
This option controls the minimum age of files to transfer. Give in
seconds or with a suffix (see --max-age for list of suffixes)
For example --min-age 2d means no files younger than 2 days will be
transferred.
Important this flag is dangerous - use with --dry-run and -v first.
When doing rclone sync this will delete any files which are excluded
from the sync on the destination.
If for example you did a sync from A to B without the --min-size 50k flag
rclone sync A: B:
Then you repeated it like this with the --delete-excluded
rclone --min-size 50k --delete-excluded sync A: B:
This would delete all files on B which are less than 50 kBytes as
these are now excluded from the sync.
Always test first with --dry-run and -v before using this flag.
This dumps the defined filters to the output as regular expressions.
Useful for debugging.
The examples above may not work verbatim in your shell as they have
shell metacharacters in them (eg *), and may require quoting.
Eg linux, OSX
--include \*.jpg--include '*.jpg'--include='*.jpg'
In Windows the expansion is done by the command not the shell so this should work fine
--include *.jpg
Each cloud storage system is slighly different. Rclone attempts to provide a unified interface to them, but some underlying differences show through.
Here is an overview of the major features of each cloud storage system.
| Name | Hash | ModTime | Case Insensitive | Duplicate Files |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Google Drive | MD5 | Yes | No | Yes |
| Amazon S3 | MD5 | Yes | No | No |
| Openstack Swift | MD5 | Yes | No | No |
| Dropbox | - | No | Yes | No |
| Google Cloud Storage | MD5 | Yes | No | No |
| Amazon Cloud Drive | MD5 | No | Yes | No |
| Microsoft One Drive | SHA1 | Yes | Yes | No |
| Hubic | MD5 | Yes | No | No |
| Backblaze B2 | SHA1 | Yes | No | No |
| Yandex Disk | MD5 | Yes | No | No |
| The local filesystem | All | Yes | Depends | No |
The cloud storage system supports various hash types of the objects.
The hashes are used when transferring data as an integrity check and
can be specifically used with the --checksum flag in syncs and in
the check command.
To use the checksum checks between filesystems they must support a common hash type.
The cloud storage system supports setting modification times on
objects. If it does then this enables a using the modification times
as part of the sync. If not then only the size will be checked by
default, though the MD5SUM can be checked with the --checksum flag.
All cloud storage systems support some kind of date on the object and these will be set when transferring from the cloud storage system.
If a cloud storage systems is case sensitive then it is possible to
have two files which differ only in case, eg file.txt and
FILE.txt. If a cloud storage system is case insensitive then that
isn't possible.
This can cause problems when syncing between a case insensitive system and a case sensitive system. The symptom of this is that no matter how many times you run the sync it never completes fully.
The local filesystem may or may not be case sensitive depending on OS.
- Windows - usually case insensitive, though case is preserved
- OSX - usually case insensitive, though it is possible to format case sensitive
- Linux - usually case sensitive, but there are case insensitive file systems (eg FAT formatted USB keys)
Most of the time this doesn't cause any problems as people tend to avoid files whose name differs only by case even on case sensitive systems.
If a cloud storage system allows duplicate files then it can have two objects with the same name.
This confuses rclone greatly when syncing - use the rclone dedupe
command to rename or remove duplicates.
Paths are specified as drive:path
Drive paths may be as deep as required, eg drive:directory/subdirectory.
The initial setup for drive involves getting a token from Google drive
which you need to do in your browser. rclone config walks you
through it.
Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote. First run:
rclone config
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
n) New remote
d) Delete remote
q) Quit config
e/n/d/q> n
name> remote
Type of storage to configure.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Amazon Cloud Drive
\ "amazon cloud drive"
2 / Amazon S3 (also Dreamhost, Ceph)
\ "s3"
3 / Backblaze B2
\ "b2"
4 / Dropbox
\ "dropbox"
5 / Google Cloud Storage (this is not Google Drive)
\ "google cloud storage"
6 / Google Drive
\ "drive"
7 / Hubic
\ "hubic"
8 / Local Disk
\ "local"
9 / Microsoft OneDrive
\ "onedrive"
10 / Openstack Swift (Rackspace Cloud Files, Memset Memstore, OVH)
\ "swift"
11 / Yandex Disk
\ "yandex"
Storage> 6
Google Application Client Id - leave blank normally.
client_id>
Google Application Client Secret - leave blank normally.
client_secret>
Remote config
Use auto config?
* Say Y if not sure
* Say N if you are working on a remote or headless machine or Y didn't work
y) Yes
n) No
y/n> y
If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
Log in and authorize rclone for access
Waiting for code...
Got code
--------------------
[remote]
client_id =
client_secret =
token = {"AccessToken":"xxxx.x.xxxxx_xxxxxxxxxxx_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","RefreshToken":"1/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","Expiry":"2014-03-16T13:57:58.955387075Z","Extra":null}
--------------------
y) Yes this is OK
e) Edit this remote
d) Delete this remote
y/e/d> y
Note that rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the
token as returned from Google if you use auto config mode. This only
runs from the moment it opens your browser to the moment you get back
the verification code. This is on http://127.0.0.1:53682/ and this
it may require you to unblock it temporarily if you are running a host
firewall, or use manual mode.
You can then use it like this,
List directories in top level of your drive
rclone lsd remote:
List all the files in your drive
rclone ls remote:
To copy a local directory to a drive directory called backup
rclone copy /home/source remote:backup
Google drive stores modification times accurate to 1 ms.
Google drive stores revisions of files. When you upload a change to an existing file to google drive using rclone it will create a new revision of that file.
Revisions follow the standard google policy which at time of writing was
- They are deleted after 30 days or 100 revisions (whatever comes first).
- They do not count towards a user storage quota.
By default rclone will delete files permanently when requested. If
sending them to the trash is required instead then use the
--drive-use-trash flag.
Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system.
Upload chunk size. Must a power of 2 >= 256k. Default value is 8 MB.
Making this larger will improve performance, but note that each chunk is buffered in memory one per transfer.
Reducing this will reduce memory usage but decrease performance.
No longer does anything - kept for backwards compatibility.
File size cutoff for switching to chunked upload. Default is 8 MB.
Send files to the trash instead of deleting permanently. Defaults to off, namely deleting files permanently.
Only consider files owned by the authenticated user. Requires that --drive-full-list=true (default).
Google documents can only be exported from Google drive. When rclone downloads a Google doc it chooses a format to download depending upon this setting.
By default the formats are docx,xlsx,pptx,svg which are a sensible
default for an editable document.
When choosing a format, rclone runs down the list provided in order and chooses the first file format the doc can be exported as from the list. If the file can't be exported to a format on the formats list, then rclone will choose a format from the default list.
If you prefer an archive copy then you might use --drive-formats pdf, or if you prefer openoffice/libreoffice formats you might use
--drive-formats ods,odt.
Note that rclone adds the extension to the google doc, so if it is
calles My Spreadsheet on google docs, it will be exported as My Spreadsheet.xlsx or My Spreadsheet.pdf etc.
Here are the possible extensions with their corresponding mime types.
| Extension | Mime Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| csv | text/csv | Standard CSV format for Spreadsheets |
| doc | application/msword | Micosoft Office Document |
| docx | application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document | Microsoft Office Document |
| html | text/html | An HTML Document |
| jpg | image/jpeg | A JPEG Image File |
| ods | application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet | Openoffice Spreadsheet |
| ods | application/x-vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet | Openoffice Spreadsheet |
| odt | application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text | Openoffice Document |
| application/pdf | Adobe PDF Format | |
| png | image/png | PNG Image Format |
| pptx | application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation | Microsoft Office Powerpoint |
| rtf | application/rtf | Rich Text Format |
| svg | image/svg+xml | Scalable Vector Graphics Format |
| txt | text/plain | Plain Text |
| xls | application/vnd.ms-excel | Microsoft Office Spreadsheet |
| xlsx | application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet | Microsoft Office Spreadsheet |
| zip | application/zip | A ZIP file of HTML, Images CSS |
Drive has quite a lot of rate limiting. This causes rclone to be limited to transferring about 2 files per second only. Individual files may be transferred much faster at 100s of MBytes/s but lots of small files can take a long time.
Paths are specified as remote:bucket (or remote: for the lsd
command.) You may put subdirectories in too, eg remote:bucket/path/to/dir.
Here is an example of making an s3 configuration. First run
rclone config
This will guide you through an interactive setup process.
No remotes found - make a new one
n) New remote
s) Set configuration password
n/s> n
name> remote
Type of storage to configure.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Amazon Cloud Drive
\ "amazon cloud drive"
2 / Amazon S3 (also Dreamhost, Ceph)
\ "s3"
3 / Backblaze B2
\ "b2"
4 / Dropbox
\ "dropbox"
5 / Google Cloud Storage (this is not Google Drive)
\ "google cloud storage"
6 / Google Drive
\ "drive"
7 / Hubic
\ "hubic"
8 / Local Disk
\ "local"
9 / Microsoft OneDrive
\ "onedrive"
10 / Openstack Swift (Rackspace Cloud Files, Memset Memstore, OVH)
\ "swift"
11 / Yandex Disk
\ "yandex"
Storage> 2
Get AWS credentials from runtime (environment variables or EC2 meta data if no env vars). Only applies if access_key_id and secret_access_key is blank.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Enter AWS credentials in the next step
\ "false"
2 / Get AWS credentials from the environment (env vars or IAM)
\ "true"
env_auth> 1
AWS Access Key ID - leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.
access_key_id> access_key
AWS Secret Access Key (password) - leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.
secret_access_key> secret_key
Region to connect to.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
/ The default endpoint - a good choice if you are unsure.
1 | US Region, Northern Virginia or Pacific Northwest.
| Leave location constraint empty.
\ "us-east-1"
/ US West (Oregon) Region
2 | Needs location constraint us-west-2.
\ "us-west-2"
/ US West (Northern California) Region
3 | Needs location constraint us-west-1.
\ "us-west-1"
/ EU (Ireland) Region Region
4 | Needs location constraint EU or eu-west-1.
\ "eu-west-1"
/ EU (Frankfurt) Region
5 | Needs location constraint eu-central-1.
\ "eu-central-1"
/ Asia Pacific (Singapore) Region
6 | Needs location constraint ap-southeast-1.
\ "ap-southeast-1"
/ Asia Pacific (Sydney) Region
7 | Needs location constraint ap-southeast-2.
\ "ap-southeast-2"
/ Asia Pacific (Tokyo) Region
8 | Needs location constraint ap-northeast-1.
\ "ap-northeast-1"
/ South America (Sao Paulo) Region
9 | Needs location constraint sa-east-1.
\ "sa-east-1"
/ If using an S3 clone that only understands v2 signatures
10 | eg Ceph/Dreamhost
| set this and make sure you set the endpoint.
\ "other-v2-signature"
/ If using an S3 clone that understands v4 signatures set this
11 | and make sure you set the endpoint.
\ "other-v4-signature"
region> 1
Endpoint for S3 API.
Leave blank if using AWS to use the default endpoint for the region.
Specify if using an S3 clone such as Ceph.
endpoint>
Location constraint - must be set to match the Region. Used when creating buckets only.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Empty for US Region, Northern Virginia or Pacific Northwest.
\ ""
2 / US West (Oregon) Region.
\ "us-west-2"
3 / US West (Northern California) Region.
\ "us-west-1"
4 / EU (Ireland) Region.
\ "eu-west-1"
5 / EU Region.
\ "EU"
6 / Asia Pacific (Singapore) Region.
\ "ap-southeast-1"
7 / Asia Pacific (Sydney) Region.
\ "ap-southeast-2"
8 / Asia Pacific (Tokyo) Region.
\ "ap-northeast-1"
9 / South America (Sao Paulo) Region.
\ "sa-east-1"
location_constraint> 1
Remote config
--------------------
[remote]
env_auth = false
access_key_id = access_key
secret_access_key = secret_key
region = us-east-1
endpoint =
location_constraint =
--------------------
y) Yes this is OK
e) Edit this remote
d) Delete this remote
y/e/d> y
This remote is called remote and can now be used like this
See all buckets
rclone lsd remote:
Make a new bucket
rclone mkdir remote:bucket
List the contents of a bucket
rclone ls remote:bucket
Sync /home/local/directory to the remote bucket, deleting any excess
files in the bucket.
rclone sync /home/local/directory remote:bucket
The modified time is stored as metadata on the object as
X-Amz-Meta-Mtime as floating point since the epoch accurate to 1 ns.
rclone supports multipart uploads with S3 which means that it can upload files bigger than 5GB. Note that files uploaded with multipart upload don't have an MD5SUM.
With Amazon S3 you can list buckets (rclone lsd) using any region,
but you can only access the content of a bucket from the region it was
created in. If you attempt to access a bucket from the wrong region,
you will get an error, incorrect region, the bucket is not in 'XXX' region.
There are two ways to supply rclone with a set of AWS
credentials. In order of precedence:
- Directly in the rclone configuration file (as configured by
rclone config)- set
access_key_idandsecret_access_key
- set
- Runtime configuration:
- set
env_authtotruein the config file - Exporting the following environment variables before running
rclone- Access Key ID:
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_IDorAWS_ACCESS_KEY - Secret Access Key:
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEYorAWS_SECRET_KEY
- Access Key ID:
- Running
rcloneon an EC2 instance with an IAM role
- set
If none of these option actually end up providing rclone with AWS
credentials then S3 interaction will be non-authenticated (see below).
If you want to use rclone to access a public bucket, configure with a
blank access_key_id and secret_access_key. Eg
No remotes found - make a new one
n) New remote
q) Quit config
n/q> n
name> anons3
What type of source is it?
Choose a number from below
1) amazon cloud drive
2) b2
3) drive
4) dropbox
5) google cloud storage
6) swift
7) hubic
8) local
9) onedrive
10) s3
11) yandex
type> 10
Get AWS credentials from runtime (environment variables or EC2 meta data if no env vars). Only applies if access_key_id and secret_access_key is blank.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
* Enter AWS credentials in the next step
1) false
* Get AWS credentials from the environment (env vars or IAM)
2) true
env_auth> 1
AWS Access Key ID - leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.
access_key_id>
AWS Secret Access Key (password) - leave blank for anonymous access or runtime credentials.
secret_access_key>
...
Then use it as normal with the name of the public bucket, eg
rclone lsd anons3:1000genomes
You will be able to list and copy data but not upload it.
Ceph is an object storage system which presents an Amazon S3 interface.
To use rclone with ceph, you need to set the following parameters in the config.
access_key_id = Whatever
secret_access_key = Whatever
endpoint = https://ceph.endpoint.goes.here/
region = other-v2-signature
Note also that Ceph sometimes puts / in the passwords it gives
users. If you read the secret access key using the command line tools
you will get a JSON blob with the / escaped as \/. Make sure you
only write / in the secret access key.
Eg the dump from Ceph looks something like this (irrelevant keys removed).
{
"user_id": "xxx",
"display_name": "xxxx",
"keys": [
{
"user": "xxx",
"access_key": "xxxxxx",
"secret_key": "xxxxxx\/xxxx"
}
],
}
Because this is a json dump, it is encoding the / as \/, so if you
use the secret key as xxxxxx/xxxx it will work fine.
Swift refers to Openstack Object Storage. Commercial implementations of that being:
Paths are specified as remote:container (or remote: for the lsd
command.) You may put subdirectories in too, eg remote:container/path/to/dir.
Here is an example of making a swift configuration. First run
rclone config
This will guide you through an interactive setup process.
No remotes found - make a new one
n) New remote
s) Set configuration password
n/s> n
name> remote
Type of storage to configure.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Amazon Cloud Drive
\ "amazon cloud drive"
2 / Amazon S3 (also Dreamhost, Ceph)
\ "s3"
3 / Backblaze B2
\ "b2"
4 / Dropbox
\ "dropbox"
5 / Google Cloud Storage (this is not Google Drive)
\ "google cloud storage"
6 / Google Drive
\ "drive"
7 / Hubic
\ "hubic"
8 / Local Disk
\ "local"
9 / Microsoft OneDrive
\ "onedrive"
10 / Openstack Swift (Rackspace Cloud Files, Memset Memstore, OVH)
\ "swift"
11 / Yandex Disk
\ "yandex"
Storage> 10
User name to log in.
user> user_name
API key or password.
key> password_or_api_key
Authentication URL for server.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Rackspace US
\ "https://auth.api.rackspacecloud.com/v1.0"
2 / Rackspace UK
\ "https://lon.auth.api.rackspacecloud.com/v1.0"
3 / Rackspace v2
\ "https://identity.api.rackspacecloud.com/v2.0"
4 / Memset Memstore UK
\ "https://auth.storage.memset.com/v1.0"
5 / Memset Memstore UK v2
\ "https://auth.storage.memset.com/v2.0"
6 / OVH
\ "https://auth.cloud.ovh.net/v2.0"
auth> 1
Tenant name - optional
tenant>
Region name - optional
region>
Storage URL - optional
storage_url>
Remote config
--------------------
[remote]
user = user_name
key = password_or_api_key
auth = https://auth.api.rackspacecloud.com/v1.0
tenant =
region =
storage_url =
--------------------
y) Yes this is OK
e) Edit this remote
d) Delete this remote
y/e/d> y
This remote is called remote and can now be used like this
See all containers
rclone lsd remote:
Make a new container
rclone mkdir remote:container
List the contents of a container
rclone ls remote:container
Sync /home/local/directory to the remote container, deleting any
excess files in the container.
rclone sync /home/local/directory remote:container
Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system.
Above this size files will be chunked into a _segments container. The default for this is 5GB which is its maximum value.
The modified time is stored as metadata on the object as
X-Object-Meta-Mtime as floating point since the epoch accurate to 1
ns.
This is a defacto standard (used in the official python-swiftclient amongst others) for storing the modification time for an object.
The Swift API doesn't return a correct MD5SUM for segmented files (Dynamic or Static Large Objects) so rclone won't check or use the MD5SUM for these.
Paths are specified as remote:path
Dropbox paths may be as deep as required, eg
remote:directory/subdirectory.
The initial setup for dropbox involves getting a token from Dropbox
which you need to do in your browser. rclone config walks you
through it.
Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote. First run:
rclone config
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
n) New remote
d) Delete remote
q) Quit config
e/n/d/q> n
name> remote
Type of storage to configure.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Amazon Cloud Drive
\ "amazon cloud drive"
2 / Amazon S3 (also Dreamhost, Ceph)
\ "s3"
3 / Backblaze B2
\ "b2"
4 / Dropbox
\ "dropbox"
5 / Google Cloud Storage (this is not Google Drive)
\ "google cloud storage"
6 / Google Drive
\ "drive"
7 / Hubic
\ "hubic"
8 / Local Disk
\ "local"
9 / Microsoft OneDrive
\ "onedrive"
10 / Openstack Swift (Rackspace Cloud Files, Memset Memstore, OVH)
\ "swift"
11 / Yandex Disk
\ "yandex"
Storage> 4
Dropbox App Key - leave blank normally.
app_key>
Dropbox App Secret - leave blank normally.
app_secret>
Remote config
Please visit:
https://www.dropbox.com/1/oauth2/authorize?client_id=XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX&response_type=code
Enter the code: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX_XXXXXXXXXX
--------------------
[remote]
app_key =
app_secret =
token = XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX_XXXX_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
--------------------
y) Yes this is OK
e) Edit this remote
d) Delete this remote
y/e/d> y
You can then use it like this,
List directories in top level of your dropbox
rclone lsd remote:
List all the files in your dropbox
rclone ls remote:
To copy a local directory to a dropbox directory called backup
rclone copy /home/source remote:backup
Dropbox doesn't provide the ability to set modification times in the V1 public API, so rclone can't support modified time with Dropbox.
This may change in the future - see these issues for details:
Dropbox doesn't return any sort of checksum (MD5 or SHA1).
Together that means that syncs to dropbox will effectively have the
--size-only flag set.
Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system.
Upload chunk size. Max 150M. The default is 128MB. Note that this isn't buffered into memory.
Note that Dropbox is case insensitive so you can't have a file called "Hello.doc" and one called "hello.doc".
There are some file names such as thumbs.db which Dropbox can't
store. There is a full list of them in the "Ignored Files" section
of this document. Rclone will
issue an error message File name disallowed - not uploading if it
attempt to upload one of those file names, but the sync won't fail.
If you have more than 10,000 files in a directory then rclone purge dropbox:dir will return the error Failed to purge: There are too many files involved in this operation. As a work-around do an
rclone delete dropbix:dir followed by an rclone rmdir dropbox:dir.
Paths are specified as remote:bucket (or remote: for the lsd
command.) You may put subdirectories in too, eg remote:bucket/path/to/dir.
The initial setup for google cloud storage involves getting a token from Google Cloud Storage
which you need to do in your browser. rclone config walks you
through it.
Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote. First run:
rclone config
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
n) New remote
d) Delete remote
q) Quit config
e/n/d/q> n
name> remote
Type of storage to configure.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Amazon Cloud Drive
\ "amazon cloud drive"
2 / Amazon S3 (also Dreamhost, Ceph)
\ "s3"
3 / Backblaze B2
\ "b2"
4 / Dropbox
\ "dropbox"
5 / Google Cloud Storage (this is not Google Drive)
\ "google cloud storage"
6 / Google Drive
\ "drive"
7 / Hubic
\ "hubic"
8 / Local Disk
\ "local"
9 / Microsoft OneDrive
\ "onedrive"
10 / Openstack Swift (Rackspace Cloud Files, Memset Memstore, OVH)
\ "swift"
11 / Yandex Disk
\ "yandex"
Storage> 5
Google Application Client Id - leave blank normally.
client_id>
Google Application Client Secret - leave blank normally.
client_secret>
Project number optional - needed only for list/create/delete buckets - see your developer console.
project_number> 12345678
Access Control List for new objects.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
* Object owner gets OWNER access, and all Authenticated Users get READER access.
1) authenticatedRead
* Object owner gets OWNER access, and project team owners get OWNER access.
2) bucketOwnerFullControl
* Object owner gets OWNER access, and project team owners get READER access.
3) bucketOwnerRead
* Object owner gets OWNER access [default if left blank].
4) private
* Object owner gets OWNER access, and project team members get access according to their roles.
5) projectPrivate
* Object owner gets OWNER access, and all Users get READER access.
6) publicRead
object_acl> 4
Access Control List for new buckets.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
* Project team owners get OWNER access, and all Authenticated Users get READER access.
1) authenticatedRead
* Project team owners get OWNER access [default if left blank].
2) private
* Project team members get access according to their roles.
3) projectPrivate
* Project team owners get OWNER access, and all Users get READER access.
4) publicRead
* Project team owners get OWNER access, and all Users get WRITER access.
5) publicReadWrite
bucket_acl> 2
Remote config
Remote config
Use auto config?
* Say Y if not sure
* Say N if you are working on a remote or headless machine or Y didn't work
y) Yes
n) No
y/n> y
If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
Log in and authorize rclone for access
Waiting for code...
Got code
--------------------
[remote]
type = google cloud storage
client_id =
client_secret =
token = {"AccessToken":"xxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","RefreshToken":"x/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx_xxxxxxxxx","Expiry":"2014-07-17T20:49:14.929208288+01:00","Extra":null}
project_number = 12345678
object_acl = private
bucket_acl = private
--------------------
y) Yes this is OK
e) Edit this remote
d) Delete this remote
y/e/d> y
Note that rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the
token as returned from Google if you use auto config mode. This only
runs from the moment it opens your browser to the moment you get back
the verification code. This is on http://127.0.0.1:53682/ and this
it may require you to unblock it temporarily if you are running a host
firewall, or use manual mode.
This remote is called remote and can now be used like this
See all the buckets in your project
rclone lsd remote:
Make a new bucket
rclone mkdir remote:bucket
List the contents of a bucket
rclone ls remote:bucket
Sync /home/local/directory to the remote bucket, deleting any excess
files in the bucket.
rclone sync /home/local/directory remote:bucket
Google google cloud storage stores md5sums natively and rclone stores modification times as metadata on the object, under the "mtime" key in RFC3339 format accurate to 1ns.
Paths are specified as remote:path
Paths may be as deep as required, eg remote:directory/subdirectory.
The initial setup for Amazon cloud drive involves getting a token from
Amazon which you need to do in your browser. rclone config walks
you through it.
Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote. First run:
rclone config
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
n) New remote
d) Delete remote
q) Quit config
e/n/d/q> n
name> remote
Type of storage to configure.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Amazon Cloud Drive
\ "amazon cloud drive"
2 / Amazon S3 (also Dreamhost, Ceph)
\ "s3"
3 / Backblaze B2
\ "b2"
4 / Dropbox
\ "dropbox"
5 / Google Cloud Storage (this is not Google Drive)
\ "google cloud storage"
6 / Google Drive
\ "drive"
7 / Hubic
\ "hubic"
8 / Local Disk
\ "local"
9 / Microsoft OneDrive
\ "onedrive"
10 / Openstack Swift (Rackspace Cloud Files, Memset Memstore, OVH)
\ "swift"
11 / Yandex Disk
\ "yandex"
Storage> 1
Amazon Application Client Id - leave blank normally.
client_id>
Amazon Application Client Secret - leave blank normally.
client_secret>
Remote config
If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
Log in and authorize rclone for access
Waiting for code...
Got code
--------------------
[remote]
client_id =
client_secret =
token = {"access_token":"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","token_type":"bearer","refresh_token":"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","expiry":"2015-09-06T16:07:39.658438471+01:00"}
--------------------
y) Yes this is OK
e) Edit this remote
d) Delete this remote
y/e/d> y
See the remote setup docs for how to set it up on a machine with no Internet browser available.
Note that rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the
token as returned from Amazon. This only runs from the moment it
opens your browser to the moment you get back the verification
code. This is on http://127.0.0.1:53682/ and this it may require
you to unblock it temporarily if you are running a host firewall.
Once configured you can then use rclone like this,
List directories in top level of your Amazon cloud drive
rclone lsd remote:
List all the files in your Amazon cloud drive
rclone ls remote:
To copy a local directory to an Amazon cloud drive directory called backup
rclone copy /home/source remote:backup
Amazon cloud drive doesn't allow modification times to be changed via the API so these won't be accurate or used for syncing.
It does store MD5SUMs so for a more accurate sync, you can use the
--checksum flag.
Any files you delete with rclone will end up in the trash. Amazon don't provide an API to permanently delete files, nor to empty the trash, so you will have to do that with one of Amazon's apps or via the Amazon cloud drive website.
Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system.
Files this size or more will be downloaded via their tempLink. This
is to work around a problem with Amazon Cloud Drive which blocks
downloads of files bigger than about 10GB. The default for this is
9GB which shouldn't need to be changed.
To download files above this threshold, rclone requests a tempLink
which downloads the file through a temporary URL directly from the
underlying S3 storage.
Note that Amazon cloud drive is case insensitive so you can't have a file called "Hello.doc" and one called "hello.doc".
Amazon cloud drive has rate limiting so you may notice errors in the
sync (429 errors). rclone will automatically retry the sync up to 3
times by default (see --retries flag) which should hopefully work
around this problem.
Amazon cloud drive has an internal limit of file sizes that can be uploaded to the service. This limit is not officially published, but all files larger than this will fail.
At the time of writing (Jan 2016) is in the area of 50GB per file. This means that larger files are likely to fail.
Unfortunatly there is no way for rclone to see that this failure is
because of file size, so it will retry the operation, as any other
failure. To avoid this problem, use --max-size=50GB option to limit
the maximum size of uploaded files.
Paths are specified as remote:path
Paths may be as deep as required, eg remote:directory/subdirectory.
The initial setup for One Drive involves getting a token from
Microsoft which you need to do in your browser. rclone config walks
you through it.
Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote. First run:
rclone config
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
No remotes found - make a new one
n) New remote
s) Set configuration password
n/s> n
name> remote
Type of storage to configure.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Amazon Cloud Drive
\ "amazon cloud drive"
2 / Amazon S3 (also Dreamhost, Ceph)
\ "s3"
3 / Backblaze B2
\ "b2"
4 / Dropbox
\ "dropbox"
5 / Google Cloud Storage (this is not Google Drive)
\ "google cloud storage"
6 / Google Drive
\ "drive"
7 / Hubic
\ "hubic"
8 / Local Disk
\ "local"
9 / Microsoft OneDrive
\ "onedrive"
10 / Openstack Swift (Rackspace Cloud Files, Memset Memstore, OVH)
\ "swift"
11 / Yandex Disk
\ "yandex"
Storage> 9
Microsoft App Client Id - leave blank normally.
client_id>
Microsoft App Client Secret - leave blank normally.
client_secret>
Remote config
Use auto config?
* Say Y if not sure
* Say N if you are working on a remote or headless machine
y) Yes
n) No
y/n> y
If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
Log in and authorize rclone for access
Waiting for code...
Got code
--------------------
[remote]
client_id =
client_secret =
token = {"access_token":"XXXXXX"}
--------------------
y) Yes this is OK
e) Edit this remote
d) Delete this remote
y/e/d> y
See the remote setup docs for how to set it up on a machine with no Internet browser available.
Note that rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the
token as returned from Microsoft. This only runs from the moment it
opens your browser to the moment you get back the verification
code. This is on http://127.0.0.1:53682/ and this it may require
you to unblock it temporarily if you are running a host firewall.
Once configured you can then use rclone like this,
List directories in top level of your One Drive
rclone lsd remote:
List all the files in your One Drive
rclone ls remote:
To copy a local directory to an One Drive directory called backup
rclone copy /home/source remote:backup
One Drive allows modification times to be set on objects accurate to 1 second. These will be used to detect whether objects need syncing or not.
One drive supports SHA1 type hashes, so you can use --checksum flag.
Any files you delete with rclone will end up in the trash. Microsoft doesn't provide an API to permanently delete files, nor to empty the trash, so you will have to do that with one of Microsoft's apps or via the One Drive website.
Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system.
Above this size files will be chunked - must be multiple of 320k. The default is 10MB. Note that the chunks will be buffered into memory.
Cutoff for switching to chunked upload - must be <= 100MB. The default is 10MB.
Note that One Drive is case insensitive so you can't have a file called "Hello.doc" and one called "hello.doc".
Rclone only supports your default One Drive, and doesn't work with One Drive for business. Both these issues may be fixed at some point depending on user demand!
There are quite a few characters that can't be in One Drive file
names. These can't occur on Windows platforms, but on non-Windows
platforms they are common. Rclone will map these names to and from an
identical looking unicode equivalent. For example if a file has a ?
in it will be mapped to ？ instead.
Paths are specified as remote:path
Paths are specified as remote:container (or remote: for the lsd
command.) You may put subdirectories in too, eg remote:container/path/to/dir.
The initial setup for Hubic involves getting a token from Hubic which
you need to do in your browser. rclone config walks you through it.
Here is an example of how to make a remote called remote. First run:
rclone config
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
n) New remote
s) Set configuration password
n/s> n
name> remote
Type of storage to configure.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Amazon Cloud Drive
\ "amazon cloud drive"
2 / Amazon S3 (also Dreamhost, Ceph)
\ "s3"
3 / Backblaze B2
\ "b2"
4 / Dropbox
\ "dropbox"
5 / Google Cloud Storage (this is not Google Drive)
\ "google cloud storage"
6 / Google Drive
\ "drive"
7 / Hubic
\ "hubic"
8 / Local Disk
\ "local"
9 / Microsoft OneDrive
\ "onedrive"
10 / Openstack Swift (Rackspace Cloud Files, Memset Memstore, OVH)
\ "swift"
11 / Yandex Disk
\ "yandex"
Storage> 7
Hubic Client Id - leave blank normally.
client_id>
Hubic Client Secret - leave blank normally.
client_secret>
Remote config
Use auto config?
* Say Y if not sure
* Say N if you are working on a remote or headless machine
y) Yes
n) No
y/n> y
If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
Log in and authorize rclone for access
Waiting for code...
Got code
--------------------
[remote]
client_id =
client_secret =
token = {"access_token":"XXXXXX"}
--------------------
y) Yes this is OK
e) Edit this remote
d) Delete this remote
y/e/d> y
See the remote setup docs for how to set it up on a machine with no Internet browser available.
Note that rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the
token as returned from Hubic. This only runs from the moment it opens
your browser to the moment you get back the verification code. This
is on http://127.0.0.1:53682/ and this it may require you to unblock
it temporarily if you are running a host firewall.
Once configured you can then use rclone like this,
List containers in the top level of your Hubic
rclone lsd remote:
List all the files in your Hubic
rclone ls remote:
To copy a local directory to an Hubic directory called backup
rclone copy /home/source remote:backup
The modified time is stored as metadata on the object as
X-Object-Meta-Mtime as floating point since the epoch accurate to 1
ns.
This is a defacto standard (used in the official python-swiftclient amongst others) for storing the modification time for an object.
Note that Hubic wraps the Swift backend, so most of the properties of are the same.
This uses the normal OpenStack Swift mechanism to refresh the Swift API credentials and ignores the expires field returned by the Hubic API.
The Swift API doesn't return a correct MD5SUM for segmented files (Dynamic or Static Large Objects) so rclone won't check or use the MD5SUM for these.
B2 is Backblaze's cloud storage system.
Paths are specified as remote:bucket (or remote: for the lsd
command.) You may put subdirectories in too, eg remote:bucket/path/to/dir.
Here is an example of making a b2 configuration. First run
rclone config
This will guide you through an interactive setup process. You will need your account number (a short hex number) and key (a long hex number) which you can get from the b2 control panel.
No remotes found - make a new one
n) New remote
q) Quit config
n/q> n
name> remote
Type of storage to configure.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Amazon Cloud Drive
\ "amazon cloud drive"
2 / Amazon S3 (also Dreamhost, Ceph)
\ "s3"
3 / Backblaze B2
\ "b2"
4 / Dropbox
\ "dropbox"
5 / Google Cloud Storage (this is not Google Drive)
\ "google cloud storage"
6 / Google Drive
\ "drive"
7 / Hubic
\ "hubic"
8 / Local Disk
\ "local"
9 / Microsoft OneDrive
\ "onedrive"
10 / Openstack Swift (Rackspace Cloud Files, Memset Memstore, OVH)
\ "swift"
11 / Yandex Disk
\ "yandex"
Storage> 3
Account ID
account> 123456789abc
Application Key
key> 0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789
Endpoint for the service - leave blank normally.
endpoint>
Remote config
--------------------
[remote]
account = 123456789abc
key = 0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789
endpoint =
--------------------
y) Yes this is OK
e) Edit this remote
d) Delete this remote
y/e/d> y
This remote is called remote and can now be used like this
See all buckets
rclone lsd remote:
Make a new bucket
rclone mkdir remote:bucket
List the contents of a bucket
rclone ls remote:bucket
Sync /home/local/directory to the remote bucket, deleting any
excess files in the bucket.
rclone sync /home/local/directory remote:bucket
The modified time is stored as metadata on the object as
X-Bz-Info-src_last_modified_millis as milliseconds since 1970-01-01
in the Backblaze standard. Other tools should be able to use this as
a modified time.
Modified times are used in syncing and are fully supported except in the case of updating a modification time on an existing object. In this case the object will be uploaded again as B2 doesn't have an API method to set the modification time independent of doing an upload.
The SHA1 checksums of the files are checked on upload and download and
will be used in the syncing process. You can use the --checksum flag.
When rclone uploads a new version of a file it creates a new version of it. Likewise when you delete a file, the old version will still be available.
The old versions of files are visible in the B2 web interface, but not via rclone yet.
Rclone doesn't provide any way of managing old versions (downloading
them or deleting them) at the moment. When you purge a bucket, all
the old versions will be deleted.
Backblaze recommends that you do lots of transfers simultaneously for
maximum speed. In tests from my SSD equiped laptop the optimum
setting is about --transfers 32 though higher numbers may be used
for a slight speed improvement. The optimum number for you may vary
depending on your hardware, how big the files are, how much you want
to load your computer, etc. The default of --transfers 4 is
definitely too low for Backblaze B2 though.
Here are some notes I made on the backblaze API while integrating it with rclone which detail the changes I'd like to see.
Yandex Disk is a cloud storage solution created by Yandex.
Yandex paths may be as deep as required, eg remote:directory/subdirectory.
Here is an example of making a yandex configuration. First run
rclone config
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
No remotes found - make a new one
n) New remote
s) Set configuration password
n/s> n
name> remote
Type of storage to configure.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Amazon Cloud Drive
\ "amazon cloud drive"
2 / Amazon S3 (also Dreamhost, Ceph)
\ "s3"
3 / Backblaze B2
\ "b2"
4 / Dropbox
\ "dropbox"
5 / Google Cloud Storage (this is not Google Drive)
\ "google cloud storage"
6 / Google Drive
\ "drive"
7 / Hubic
\ "hubic"
8 / Local Disk
\ "local"
9 / Microsoft OneDrive
\ "onedrive"
10 / Openstack Swift (Rackspace Cloud Files, Memset Memstore, OVH)
\ "swift"
11 / Yandex Disk
\ "yandex"
Storage> 11
Yandex Client Id - leave blank normally.
client_id>
Yandex Client Secret - leave blank normally.
client_secret>
Remote config
Use auto config?
* Say Y if not sure
* Say N if you are working on a remote or headless machine
y) Yes
n) No
y/n> y
If your browser doesn't open automatically go to the following link: http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
Log in and authorize rclone for access
Waiting for code...
Got code
--------------------
[remote]
client_id =
client_secret =
token = {"access_token":"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","token_type":"bearer","expiry":"2016-12-29T12:27:11.362788025Z"}
--------------------
y) Yes this is OK
e) Edit this remote
d) Delete this remote
y/e/d> y
See the remote setup docs for how to set it up on a machine with no Internet browser available.
Note that rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the
token as returned from Yandex Disk. This only runs from the moment it
opens your browser to the moment you get back the verification code.
This is on http://127.0.0.1:53682/ and this it may require you to
unblock it temporarily if you are running a host firewall.
Once configured you can then use rclone like this,
See top level directories
rclone lsd remote:
Make a new directory
rclone mkdir remote:directory
List the contents of a directory
rclone ls remote:directory
Sync /home/local/directory to the remote path, deleting any
excess files in the path.
rclone sync /home/local/directory remote:directory
Modified times are supported and are stored accurate to 1 ns in custom
metadata called rclone_modified in RFC3339 with nanoseconds format.
MD5 checksums are natively supported by Yandex Disk.
Local paths are specified as normal filesystem paths, eg /path/to/wherever, so
rclone sync /home/source /tmp/destination
Will sync /home/source to /tmp/destination
These can be configured into the config file for consistencies sake, but it is probably easier not to.
Rclone reads and writes the modified time using an accuracy determined by the OS. Typically this is 1ns on Linux, 10 ns on Windows and 1 Second on OS X.
Filenames are expected to be encoded in UTF-8 on disk. This is the normal case for Windows and OS X.
There is a bit more uncertainty in the Linux world, but new
distributions will have UTF-8 encoded files names. If you are using an
old Linux filesystem with non UTF-8 file names (eg latin1) then you
can use the convmv tool to convert the filesystem to UTF-8. This
tool is available in most distributions' package managers.
If an invalid (non-UTF8) filename is read, the invalid caracters will
be replaced with the unicode replacement character, '�'. rclone
will emit a debug message in this case (use -v to see), eg
Local file system at .: Replacing invalid UTF-8 characters in "gro\xdf"
Rclone handles long paths automatically, by converting all paths to long UNC paths which allows paths up to 32,767 characters.
This is why you will see that your paths, for instance c:\files is
converted to the UNC path \\?\c:\files in the output,
and \\server\share is converted to \\?\UNC\server\share.
However, in rare cases this may cause problems with buggy file
system drivers like EncFS.
To disable UNC conversion globally, add this to your .rclone.conf file:
[local]
nounc = true
If you want to selectively disable UNC, you can add it to a separate entry like this:
[nounc]
type = local
nounc = true
And use rclone like this:
rclone copy c:\src nounc:z:\dst
This will use UNC paths on c:\src but not on z:\dst.
Of course this will cause problems if the absolute path length of a
file exceeds 258 characters on z, so only use this option if you have to.
- v1.29 - 2016-04-18
- New Features
- Implement
-I, --ignore-timesfor unconditional upload - Improve
dedupecommand- Now removes identical copies without asking
- Now obeys
--dry-run - Implement
--dedupe-modefor non interactive running--dedupe-mode interactive- interactive the default.--dedupe-mode skip- removes identical files then skips anything left.--dedupe-mode first- removes identical files then keeps the first one.--dedupe-mode newest- removes identical files then keeps the newest one.--dedupe-mode oldest- removes identical files then keeps the oldest one.--dedupe-mode rename- removes identical files then renames the rest to be different.
- Implement
- Bug fixes
- Make rclone check obey the
--size-onlyflag. - Use "application/octet-stream" if discovered mime type is invalid.
- Fix missing "quit" option when there are no remotes.
- Make rclone check obey the
- Google Drive
- Increase default chunk size to 8 MB - increases upload speed of big files
- Speed up directory listings and make more reliable
- Add missing retries for Move and DirMove - increases reliability
- Preserve mime type on file update
- Backblaze B2
- Enable mod time syncing
- This means that B2 will now check modification times
- It will upload new files to update the modification times
- (there isn't an API to just set the mod time.)
- If you want the old behaviour use
--size-only.
- Update API to new version
- Fix parsing of mod time when not in metadata
- Enable mod time syncing
- Swift/Hubic
- Don't return an MD5SUM for static large objects
- S3
- Fix uploading files bigger than 50GB
- New Features
- v1.28 - 2016-03-01
- New Features
- Configuration file encryption - thanks Klaus Post
- Improve
rclone configadding more help and making it easier to understand - Implement
-u/--updateso creation times can be used on all remotes - Implement
--low-level-retriesflag - Optionally disable gzip compression on downloads with
--no-gzip-encoding
- Bug fixes
- Don't make directories if
--dry-runset - Fix and document the
movecommand - Fix redirecting stderr on unix-like OSes when using
--log-file - Fix
deletecommand to wait until all finished - fixes missing deletes.
- Don't make directories if
- Backblaze B2
- Use one upload URL per go routine fixes
more than one upload using auth token - Add pacing, retries and reauthentication - fixes token expiry problems
- Upload without using a temporary file from local (and remotes which support SHA1)
- Fix reading metadata for all files when it shouldn't have been
- Use one upload URL per go routine fixes
- Drive
- Fix listing drive documents at root
- Disable copy and move for Google docs
- Swift
- Fix uploading of chunked files with non ASCII characters
- Allow setting of
storage_urlin the config - thanks Xavier Lucas
- S3
- Allow IAM role and credentials from environment variables - thanks Brian Stengaard
- Allow low privilege users to use S3 (check if directory exists during Mkdir) - thanks Jakub Gedeon
- Amazon Cloud Drive
- Retry on more things to make directory listings more reliable
- New Features
- v1.27 - 2016-01-31
- New Features
- Easier headless configuration with
rclone authorize - Add support for multiple hash types - we now check SHA1 as well as MD5 hashes.
deletecommand which does obey the filters (unlikepurge)dedupecommand to deduplicate a remote. Useful with Google Drive.- Add
--ignore-existingflag to skip all files that exist on destination. - Add
--delete-before,--delete-during,--delete-afterflags. - Add
--memprofileflag to debug memory use. - Warn the user about files with same name but different case
- Make
--includerules add their implict exclude * at the end of the filter list - Deprecate compiling with go1.3
- Easier headless configuration with
- Amazon Cloud Drive
- Fix download of files > 10 GB
- Fix directory traversal ("Next token is expired") for large directory listings
- Remove 409 conflict from error codes we will retry - stops very long pauses
- Backblaze B2
- SHA1 hashes now checked by rclone core
- Drive
- Add
--drive-auth-owner-onlyto only consider files owned by the user - thanks Björn Harrtell - Export Google documents
- Add
- Dropbox
- Make file exclusion error controllable with -q
- Swift
- Fix upload from unprivileged user.
- S3
- Fix updating of mod times of files with
+in.
- Fix updating of mod times of files with
- Local
- Add local file system option to disable UNC on Windows.
- New Features
- v1.26 - 2016-01-02
- New Features
- Yandex storage backend - thank you Dmitry Burdeev ("dibu")
- Implement Backblaze B2 storage backend
- Add --min-age and --max-age flags - thank you Adriano Aurélio Meirelles
- Make ls/lsl/md5sum/size/check obey includes and excludes
- Fixes
- Fix crash in http logging
- Upload releases to github too
- Swift
- Fix sync for chunked files
- One Drive
- Re-enable server side copy
- Don't mask HTTP error codes with JSON decode error
- S3
- Fix corrupting Content-Type on mod time update (thanks Joseph Spurrier)
- New Features
- v1.25 - 2015-11-14
- New features
- Implement Hubic storage system
- Fixes
- Fix deletion of some excluded files without --delete-excluded
- This could have deleted files unexpectedly on sync
- Always check first with
--dry-run!
- Fix deletion of some excluded files without --delete-excluded
- Swift
- Stop SetModTime losing metadata (eg X-Object-Manifest)
- This could have caused data loss for files > 5GB in size
- Use ContentType from Object to avoid lookups in listings
- Stop SetModTime losing metadata (eg X-Object-Manifest)
- One Drive
- disable server side copy as it seems to be broken at Microsoft
- New features
- v1.24 - 2015-11-07
- New features
- Add support for Microsoft One Drive
- Add
--no-check-certificateoption to disable server certificate verification - Add async readahead buffer for faster transfer of big files
- Fixes
- Allow spaces in remotes and check remote names for validity at creation time
- Allow '&' and disallow ':' in Windows filenames.
- Swift
- Ignore directory marker objects where appropriate - allows working with Hubic
- Don't delete the container if fs wasn't at root
- S3
- Don't delete the bucket if fs wasn't at root
- Google Cloud Storage
- Don't delete the bucket if fs wasn't at root
- New features
- v1.23 - 2015-10-03
- New features
- Implement
rclone sizefor measuring remotes
- Implement
- Fixes
- Fix headless config for drive and gcs
- Tell the user they should try again if the webserver method failed
- Improve output of
--dump-headers
- S3
- Allow anonymous access to public buckets
- Swift
- Stop chunked operations logging "Failed to read info: Object Not Found"
- Use Content-Length on uploads for extra reliability
- New features
- v1.22 - 2015-09-28
- Implement rsync like include and exclude flags
- swift
- Support files > 5GB - thanks Sergey Tolmachev
- v1.21 - 2015-09-22
- New features
- Display individual transfer progress
- Make lsl output times in localtime
- Fixes
- Fix allowing user to override credentials again in Drive, GCS and ACD
- Amazon Cloud Drive
- Implement compliant pacing scheme
- Google Drive
- Make directory reads concurrent for increased speed.
- New features
- v1.20 - 2015-09-15
- New features
- Amazon Cloud Drive support
- Oauth support redone - fix many bugs and improve usability
- Use "golang.org/x/oauth2" as oauth libary of choice
- Improve oauth usability for smoother initial signup
- drive, googlecloudstorage: optionally use auto config for the oauth token
- Implement --dump-headers and --dump-bodies debug flags
- Show multiple matched commands if abbreviation too short
- Implement server side move where possible
- local
- Always use UNC paths internally on Windows - fixes a lot of bugs
- dropbox
- force use of our custom transport which makes timeouts work
- Thanks to Klaus Post for lots of help with this release
- New features
- v1.19 - 2015-08-28
- New features
- Server side copies for s3/swift/drive/dropbox/gcs
- Move command - uses server side copies if it can
- Implement --retries flag - tries 3 times by default
- Build for plan9/amd64 and solaris/amd64 too
- Fixes
- Make a current version download with a fixed URL for scripting
- Ignore rmdir in limited fs rather than throwing error
- dropbox
- Increase chunk size to improve upload speeds massively
- Issue an error message when trying to upload bad file name
- New features
- v1.18 - 2015-08-17
- drive
- Add
--drive-use-trashflag so rclone trashes instead of deletes - Add "Forbidden to download" message for files with no downloadURL
- Add
- dropbox
- Remove datastore
- This was deprecated and it caused a lot of problems
- Modification times and MD5SUMs no longer stored
- Fix uploading files > 2GB
- Remove datastore
- s3
- use official AWS SDK from github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go
- NB will most likely require you to delete and recreate remote
- enable multipart upload which enables files > 5GB
- tested with Ceph / RadosGW / S3 emulation
- many thanks to Sam Liston and Brian Haymore at the Utah Center for High Performance Computing for a Ceph test account
- misc
- Show errors when reading the config file
- Do not print stats in quiet mode - thanks Leonid Shalupov
- Add FAQ
- Fix created directories not obeying umask
- Linux installation instructions - thanks Shimon Doodkin
- drive
- v1.17 - 2015-06-14
- dropbox: fix case insensitivity issues - thanks Leonid Shalupov
- v1.16 - 2015-06-09
- Fix uploading big files which was causing timeouts or panics
- Don't check md5sum after download with --size-only
- v1.15 - 2015-06-06
- Add --checksum flag to only discard transfers by MD5SUM - thanks Alex Couper
- Implement --size-only flag to sync on size not checksum & modtime
- Expand docs and remove duplicated information
- Document rclone's limitations with directories
- dropbox: update docs about case insensitivity
- v1.14 - 2015-05-21
- local: fix encoding of non utf-8 file names - fixes a duplicate file problem
- drive: docs about rate limiting
- google cloud storage: Fix compile after API change in "google.golang.org/api/storage/v1"
- v1.13 - 2015-05-10
- Revise documentation (especially sync)
- Implement --timeout and --conntimeout
- s3: ignore etags from multipart uploads which aren't md5sums
- v1.12 - 2015-03-15
- drive: Use chunked upload for files above a certain size
- drive: add --drive-chunk-size and --drive-upload-cutoff parameters
- drive: switch to insert from update when a failed copy deletes the upload
- core: Log duplicate files if they are detected
- v1.11 - 2015-03-04
- swift: add region parameter
- drive: fix crash on failed to update remote mtime
- In remote paths, change native directory separators to /
- Add synchronization to ls/lsl/lsd output to stop corruptions
- Ensure all stats/log messages to go stderr
- Add --log-file flag to log everything (including panics) to file
- Make it possible to disable stats printing with --stats=0
- Implement --bwlimit to limit data transfer bandwidth
- v1.10 - 2015-02-12
- s3: list an unlimited number of items
- Fix getting stuck in the configurator
- v1.09 - 2015-02-07
- windows: Stop drive letters (eg C:) getting mixed up with remotes (eg drive:)
- local: Fix directory separators on Windows
- drive: fix rate limit exceeded errors
- v1.08 - 2015-02-04
- drive: fix subdirectory listing to not list entire drive
- drive: Fix SetModTime
- dropbox: adapt code to recent library changes
- v1.07 - 2014-12-23
- google cloud storage: fix memory leak
- v1.06 - 2014-12-12
- Fix "Couldn't find home directory" on OSX
- swift: Add tenant parameter
- Use new location of Google API packages
- v1.05 - 2014-08-09
- Improved tests and consequently lots of minor fixes
- core: Fix race detected by go race detector
- core: Fixes after running errcheck
- drive: reset root directory on Rmdir and Purge
- fs: Document that Purger returns error on empty directory, test and fix
- google cloud storage: fix ListDir on subdirectory
- google cloud storage: re-read metadata in SetModTime
- s3: make reading metadata more reliable to work around eventual consistency problems
- s3: strip trailing / from ListDir()
- swift: return directories without / in ListDir
- v1.04 - 2014-07-21
- google cloud storage: Fix crash on Update
- v1.03 - 2014-07-20
- swift, s3, dropbox: fix updated files being marked as corrupted
- Make compile with go 1.1 again
- v1.02 - 2014-07-19
- Implement Dropbox remote
- Implement Google Cloud Storage remote
- Verify Md5sums and Sizes after copies
- Remove times from "ls" command - lists sizes only
- Add add "lsl" - lists times and sizes
- Add "md5sum" command
- v1.01 - 2014-07-04
- drive: fix transfer of big files using up lots of memory
- v1.00 - 2014-07-03
- drive: fix whole second dates
- v0.99 - 2014-06-26
- Fix --dry-run not working
- Make compatible with go 1.1
- v0.98 - 2014-05-30
- s3: Treat missing Content-Length as 0 for some ceph installations
- rclonetest: add file with a space in
- v0.97 - 2014-05-05
- Implement copying of single files
- s3 & swift: support paths inside containers/buckets
- v0.96 - 2014-04-24
- drive: Fix multiple files of same name being created
- drive: Use o.Update and fs.Put to optimise transfers
- Add version number, -V and --version
- v0.95 - 2014-03-28
- rclone.org: website, docs and graphics
- drive: fix path parsing
- v0.94 - 2014-03-27
- Change remote format one last time
- GNU style flags
- v0.93 - 2014-03-16
- drive: store token in config file
- cross compile other versions
- set strict permissions on config file
- v0.92 - 2014-03-15
- Config fixes and --config option
- v0.91 - 2014-03-15
- Make config file
- v0.90 - 2013-06-27
- Project named rclone
- v0.00 - 2012-11-18
- Project started
With remotes that have a concept of directory, eg Local and Drive, empty directories may be left behind, or not created when one was expected.
This is because rclone doesn't have a concept of a directory - it only works on objects. Most of the object storage systems can't actually store a directory so there is nowhere for rclone to store anything about directories.
You can work round this to some extent with thepurge command which
will delete everything under the path, inluding empty directories.
This may be fixed at some point in Issue #100
For the same reason as the above, rclone doesn't have a concept of a directory - it only works on objects, therefore it can't preserve the timestamps of directories.
Yes they do. All the rclone commands (eg sync, copy etc) will
work on all the remote storage systems.
Sure! Rclone stores all of its config in a single file. If you want
to find this file, the simplest way is to run rclone -h and look at
the help for the --config flag which will tell you where it is.
See the remote setup docs for more info.
This has now been documented in its own remote setup page.
Rclone can sync between two remote cloud storage systems just fine.
Note that it effectively downloads the file and uploads it again, so the node running rclone would need to have lots of bandwidth.
The syncs would be incremental (on a file by file basis).
Eg
rclone sync drive:Folder s3:bucket
You can use rclone from multiple places at the same time if you choose different subdirectory for the output, eg
Server A> rclone sync /tmp/whatever remote:ServerA
Server B> rclone sync /tmp/whatever remote:ServerB
If you sync to the same directory then you should use rclone copy otherwise the two rclones may delete each others files, eg
Server A> rclone copy /tmp/whatever remote:Backup
Server B> rclone copy /tmp/whatever remote:Backup
The file names you upload from Server A and Server B should be different in this case, otherwise some file systems (eg Drive) may make duplicates.
Rclone stores each file you transfer as a native object on the remote cloud storage system. This means that you can see the files you upload as expected using alternative access methods (eg using the Google Drive web interface). There is a 1:1 mapping between files on your hard disk and objects created in the cloud storage system.
Cloud storage systems (at least none I've come across yet) don't support partially uploading an object. You can't take an existing object, and change some bytes in the middle of it.
It would be possible to make a sync system which stored binary diffs instead of whole objects like rclone does, but that would break the 1:1 mapping of files on your hard disk to objects in the remote cloud storage system.
All the cloud storage systems support partial downloads of content, so it would be possible to make partial downloads work. However to make this work efficiently this would require storing a significant amount of metadata, which breaks the desired 1:1 mapping of files to objects.
No, not at present. rclone only does uni-directional sync from A -> B. It may do in the future though since it has all the primitives - it just requires writing the algorithm to do it.
Yes. rclone will use the environment variables HTTP_PROXY,
HTTPS_PROXY and NO_PROXY, similar to cURL and other programs.
HTTPS_PROXY takes precedence over HTTP_PROXY for https requests.
The environment values may be either a complete URL or a "host[:port]", in which case the "http" scheme is assumed.
The NO_PROXY allows you to disable the proxy for specific hosts.
Hosts must be comma separated, and can contain domains or parts.
For instance "foo.com" also matches "bar.foo.com".
This means that rclone can't file the SSL root certificates. Likely
you are running rclone on a NAS with a cut-down Linux OS.
Rclone (via the Go runtime) tries to load the root certificates from these places on Linux.
"/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt", // Debian/Ubuntu/Gentoo etc.
"/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt", // Fedora/RHEL
"/etc/ssl/ca-bundle.pem", // OpenSUSE
"/etc/pki/tls/cacert.pem", // OpenELEC
So doing something like this should fix the problem. It also sets the time which is important for SSL to work properly.
mkdir -p /etc/ssl/certs/
curl -o /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bagder/ca-bundle/master/ca-bundle.crt
ntpclient -s -h pool.ntp.org
Note that you may need to add the --insecure option to the curl command line if it doesn't work without.
curl --insecure -o /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bagder/ca-bundle/master/ca-bundle.crt
Likely this means that you are running rclone on Linux version not supported by the go runtime, ie earlier than version 2.6.23.
See the system requirements section in the go install docs for full details.
This is caused by uploading these files from a Windows computer which hasn't got the Microsoft Office suite installed. The easiest way to fix is to install the Word viewer and the Microsoft Office Compatibility Pack for Word, Excel, and PowerPoint 2007 and later versions' file formats
This is free software under the terms of MIT the license (check the COPYING file included with the source code).
Copyright (C) 2012 by Nick Craig-Wood http://www.craig-wood.com/nick/
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE.
- Nick Craig-Wood [email protected]
- Alex Couper [email protected]
- Leonid Shalupov [email protected]
- Shimon Doodkin [email protected]
- Colin Nicholson [email protected]
- Klaus Post [email protected]
- Sergey Tolmachev [email protected]
- Adriano Aurélio Meirelles [email protected]
- C. Bess [email protected]
- Dmitry Burdeev [email protected]
- Joseph Spurrier [email protected]
- Björn Harrtell [email protected]
- Xavier Lucas [email protected]
- Werner Beroux [email protected]
- Brian Stengaard [email protected]
- Jakub Gedeon [email protected]
The project website is at:
There you can file bug reports, ask for help or contribute pull requests.
See also
Or email Nick Craig-Wood