Update DWARF tests in CI to Ubuntu 24.04

[alexcrichton]

Right now they're pinned to ubuntu-22.04 which will eventually get phased out. I tried to do this and failed. Specifically looks like the latest gdb segfaults:

failures:

---- debug::gdb::test_debug_dwarf_gdb stdout ----
Error: failed to execute "gdb" "--batch" "-x" "/tmp/.tmpcntwYN" "--args" "/home/runner/work/wasmtime/wasmtime/target/debug/wasmtime" "-Ccache=n" "-Ddebug-info" "--invoke" "fib" "tests/all/debug/testsuite/fib-wasm.wasm" "3": Function "fib" not defined.
warning: Loadable section ".wasmtime.engine" outside of ELF segments
  in <in-memory@0x55555aa86450-0x55555aa8a218>
warning: Loadable section ".wasmtime.bti" outside of ELF segments
  in <in-memory@0x55555aa86450-0x55555aa8a218>
warning: Loadable section ".eh_frame" outside of ELF segments
  in <in-memory@0x55555aa86450-0x55555aa8a218>
warning: Loadable section ".wasmtime.addrmap" outside of ELF segments
  in <in-memory@0x55555aa86450-0x55555aa8a218>
warning: Loadable section ".wasmtime.traps" outside of ELF segments
  in <in-memory@0x55555aa86450-0x55555aa8a218>
warning: Loadable section ".name.wasm" outside of ELF segments
  in <in-memory@0x55555aa86450-0x55555aa8a218>
warning: Loadable section ".wasmtime.info" outside of ELF segments
  in <in-memory@0x55555aa86450-0x55555aa8a218>
/build/gdb-1WjiBe/gdb-15.0.50.20240403/gdb/dwarf2/read.c:21450: internal-error: set_lang: Assertion `old_value == language_unknown || old_value == lang' failed.
A problem internal to GDB has been detected,
further debugging may prove unreliable.
----- Backtrace -----
0x55d7ff6f7bc6 ???
0x55d7ffb13dd4 ???
0x55d7ffb140d0 ???
0x55d7ffca7f74 ???
0x55d7ff7e1e41 ???
0x55d7ff7ea796 ???
0x55d7ff7eac3b ???
0x55d7ff7ead90 ???
0x55d7ff7f735c ???
0x55d7ff7fc30e ???
0x55d7ff7ffcc0 ???
0x55d7ff80350a ???
0x55d7ff7ff19c ???
0x55d7ff7ff6fa ???
0x55d7ff80539f ???
0x55d7ff805b5d ???
0x55d7ff806259 ???
0x55d7ffa3f188 ???
0x55d7ff8bb035 ???
0x55d7ff8bd5a2 ???
0x55d7ff8be9eb ???
0x55d7ff8c1bb6 ???
0x55d7ff8c2768 ???
0x55d7ff8c2b9d ???
0x55d7ff6ddfd8 ???
0x55d7ff6de24a ???
0x55d7ff6e0c6f ???
0x55d7ff6eb38d ???
0x55d7ffa4916c ???
0x55d7ff8b6089 ???
0x55d7ff8b64e8 ???
0x55d7ff6def27 ???
0x55d7ff8a500f ???
0x55d7ff8a9047 ???
0x55d7ff8aa1ad ???
0x55d7ff8aba0d ???
0x55d7ffca8975 ???
0x55d7ffca952e ???
0x55d7ffa971a3 ???
0x55d7ffa9a3dc ???
0x55d7ff81b967 ???
0x55d7ffa98480 ???
0x55d7ff73975b ???
0x55d7ff72ca52 ???
0x55d7ff8f7d27 ???
0x55d7ff8f7dba ???
0x55d7ff8fa273 ???
0x55d7ff8faefe ???
0x55d7ff641dab ???
0x7f6a9b22a1c9 __libc_start_call_main
	../sysdeps/nptl/libc_start_call_main.h:58
0x7f6a9b22a28a __libc_start_main_impl
	../csu/libc-start.c:360
0x55d7ff6501f4 ???
0xffffffffffffffff ???
---------------------

This is a bug, please report it.  For instructions, see:
<https://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.




failures:
    debug::gdb::test_debug_dwarf_gdb

test result: FAILED. 21 passed; 1 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 731 filtered out; finished in 32.48s

I'm not sure how best to resolve this, but it's at least not urgent at this time.